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17:12:56",{"text":11,"minutes":126,"time":127,"words":128},2.1,126000,420,{"stem":130,"path":131,"title":132,"date":133,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":134},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F2.sophomore-autumn\u002FProbability-Theory","\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F21\u002FProbability-Theory","概率论与数理统计","2025-01-21 12:52:11",{"text":11,"minutes":135,"time":136,"words":137},2.205,132300,441,{"stem":139,"path":140,"title":141,"date":142,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":143},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F2.sophomore-autumn\u002Fengineering-training","\u002F2024\u002F09\u002F17\u002Fengineering-training","工程训练","2024-09-17 21:40:26",{"text":11,"minutes":144,"time":145,"words":146},2.385,143100,477,{"stem":148,"path":149,"title":150,"date":78,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":151},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F2.sophomore-autumn\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fsophomore-autumn","大二秋冬",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":153,"path":154,"title":155,"date":156,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":157},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F2.sophomore-autumn\u002Fsolid-state-physics","\u002F2024\u002F09\u002F11\u002Fsolid-state-physics","固体物理基础","2024-09-11 19:15:26",{"text":158,"minutes":159,"time":160,"words":161},"4 min read",3.21,192600,642,{"stem":163,"path":164,"title":165,"date":166,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":167},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F3.sophomore-spring\u002FAIFrontier","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fsophomore-spring\u002Faifrontier","人工智能前沿","2025-06-12 14:58:16",{"text":168,"minutes":169,"time":170,"words":171},"25 min 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19:39:00",{"text":60,"minutes":200,"time":201,"words":202},0.535,32100,107,{"stem":204,"path":205,"title":206,"date":207,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":208},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002FLecture10","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices\u002Flecture10","Lecture 10：从 MOS 电容到 MOSFET","2026-09-10 00:10:00",{"text":209,"minutes":210,"time":211,"words":212},"18 min read",17.615,1056900,3523,{"stem":214,"path":215,"title":216,"date":217,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":218},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002FLecture11","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices\u002Flecture11","Lecture 11：亚阈值效应与 MOSFET 尺寸缩放","2026-09-10 00:20:00",{"text":219,"minutes":220,"time":221,"words":222},"23 min read",22.35,1341000,4470,{"stem":224,"path":225,"title":226,"date":227,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":228},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002FLecture12","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices\u002Flecture12","Lecture 12：MOSFET 尺寸缩微","2026-09-10 00:30:00",{"text":229,"minutes":230,"time":231,"words":232},"35 min read",34.225,2053500,6845,{"stem":234,"path":235,"title":236,"date":237,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":238},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002FLecture13","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices\u002Flecture13","Lecture 13：MOS 新范式","2026-09-10 00:40:00",{"text":239,"minutes":240,"time":241,"words":242},"24 min 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00:50:00",{"text":21,"minutes":51,"time":52,"words":53},{"stem":340,"path":341,"title":342,"date":198,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":344},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices","微电子器件",true,{"text":158,"minutes":345,"time":346,"words":347},3.055,183300,611,{"stem":349,"path":350,"title":351,"date":352,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":353},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F1.HistoryMetaCharacters","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fhistorymetacharacters","History & Meta Characters","2026-09-10 20:25:44",{"text":269,"minutes":354,"time":355,"words":356},9.36,561600,1872,{"stem":358,"path":359,"title":360,"date":361,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":362},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F1.ExamAutumn2223","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fpastexams\u002Fexamautumn2223","22-23 秋冬历年卷","2026-09-10 20:26:49",{"text":319,"minutes":363,"time":364,"words":365},20.295,1217700,4059,{"stem":367,"path":368,"title":369,"date":370,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":371},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F2.Exam2021","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fpastexams\u002Fexam2021","20-21 历年卷","2026-09-10 20:26:50",{"text":289,"minutes":290,"time":291,"words":292},{"stem":373,"path":374,"title":375,"date":376,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":377},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F3.ExamRecall1","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fpastexams\u002Fexamrecall1","不知名回忆卷 1","2026-09-10 20:26:51",{"text":116,"minutes":378,"time":379,"words":380},4.215,252900,843,{"stem":382,"path":383,"title":384,"date":385,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":386},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F4.ExamRecall23","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fpastexams\u002Fexamrecall23","不知名回忆卷 2\u002F3","2026-09-10 20:26:52",{"text":387,"minutes":388,"time":389,"words":390},"12 min read",11.235,674100,2247,{"stem":392,"path":393,"title":394,"date":395,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":396},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F11.Detailed\u002F1.Chapter1-Introduction","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fdetailed\u002Fchapter1-introduction","Chapter 1：Introduction","2026-09-10 20:27:26",{"text":397,"minutes":398,"time":399,"words":400},"19 min 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20:27:54",{"text":209,"minutes":454,"time":455,"words":456},17.85,1071000,3570,{"stem":458,"path":459,"title":460,"date":461,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":462},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F11.Detailed\u002F8.Chapter8-CProgrammingInUnix","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fdetailed\u002Fchapter8-cprogramminginunix","Chapter 8：C Programming in Unix","2026-09-10 20:27:57",{"text":463,"minutes":464,"time":465,"words":466},"17 min read",16.855,1011300,3371,{"stem":468,"path":469,"title":470,"date":471,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":472},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F2.LinuxUnix","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Flinuxunix","Linux & Unix","2026-09-10 20:25:46",{"text":41,"minutes":473,"time":474,"words":475},29.33,1759800,5866,{"stem":477,"path":478,"title":479,"date":480,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":481},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F3.Vi","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fvi","Vi","2026-09-10 20:25:47",{"text":329,"minutes":482,"time":483,"words":484},7.95,477000,1590,{"stem":486,"path":487,"title":488,"date":489,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":490},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F4.ViCopy","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fvicopy","Vi（详细版）","2026-09-10 20:25:49",{"text":279,"minutes":491,"time":492,"words":493},13.785,827100,2757,{"stem":495,"path":496,"title":497,"date":498,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":499},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F5.Shells","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fshells","Shells","2026-09-10 20:25:51",{"text":500,"minutes":501,"time":502,"words":503},"22 min read",21.21,1272600,4242,{"stem":505,"path":506,"title":507,"date":508,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":509},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F6.Network","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fnetwork","Network","2026-09-10 20:25:54",{"text":319,"minutes":510,"time":511,"words":512},20.595,1235700,4119,{"stem":514,"path":515,"title":516,"date":517,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":518},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F7.SystemAdministration","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fsystemadministration","System Administration","2026-09-10 20:26:44",{"text":329,"minutes":519,"time":520,"words":521},7.12,427200,1424,{"stem":523,"path":524,"title":525,"date":526,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":527},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F8.XWindow","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fxwindow","XWindow","2026-09-10 20:26:45",{"text":97,"minutes":528,"time":529,"words":530},5.105,306300,1021,{"stem":532,"path":533,"title":534,"date":535,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":536},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F9.SystemDevelopmentTools","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fsystemdevelopmenttools","System Development Tools","2026-09-10 20:26:47",{"text":387,"minutes":537,"time":538,"words":539},11.35,681000,2270,{"stem":541,"path":542,"title":543,"date":544,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":545},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad","面向 ICCAD 的软件基础技术","2026-09-10 12:37:00",{"text":60,"minutes":546,"time":547,"words":548},0.185,11100,37,{"stem":550,"path":551,"title":552,"date":553,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":554},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FFeiQilai1","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Ffeiqilai1","飞起来1.0","2026-09-10 12:51:49",{"text":555,"minutes":556,"time":557,"words":558},"105 min read",104.655,6279300,20931,{"stem":560,"path":561,"title":562,"date":563,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":564},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FFeiQilai2","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Ffeiqilai2","飞起来2.0","2026-09-10 12:52:06",{"text":565,"minutes":566,"time":567,"words":568},"29 min read",28.755,1725300,5751,{"stem":570,"path":571,"title":572,"date":573,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":574},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FFeiQilai3","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Ffeiqilai3","飞起来3.0","2026-09-10 12:52:12",{"text":116,"minutes":575,"time":576,"words":577},4.49,269400,898,{"stem":579,"path":580,"title":581,"date":582,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":583},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FLecture13","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Flecture13","Lecture 13：浮点数标准","2026-09-10 12:51:27",{"text":11,"minutes":584,"time":585,"words":586},2.575,154500,515,{"stem":588,"path":589,"title":590,"date":591,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":592},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FLecture6","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Flecture6","Lecture 6：Behavioral Modeling，非阻塞赋值","2026-09-10 12:51:12",{"text":97,"minutes":593,"time":594,"words":595},5.34,320400,1068,{"stem":597,"path":598,"title":599,"date":600,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":601},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FPPTCorrespondence","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Fpptcorrespondence","与PPT的对应","2026-09-10 12:52:18",{"text":269,"minutes":602,"time":603,"words":604},9.275,556500,1855,{"stem":606,"path":607,"title":608,"date":544,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":609},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl","硬件描述语言原理与应用",{"text":60,"minutes":61,"time":62,"words":63},{"stem":611,"path":612,"title":613,"date":614,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":615},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002F1.BeforeMidterm","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign\u002Fbeforemidterm","期中前","2026-09-10 20:28:52",{"text":616,"minutes":617,"time":618,"words":619},"11 min read",10.835,650100,2167,{"stem":621,"path":622,"title":623,"date":624,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":625},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002F2.MidtermExam2425","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign\u002Fmidtermexam2425","24-25 期中","2026-09-10 20:29:00",{"text":21,"minutes":626,"time":627,"words":628},1.22,73200,244,{"stem":630,"path":631,"title":632,"date":633,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":634},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002F3.FinalExamReview","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign\u002Ffinalexamreview","期末考试整理","2026-09-10 20:29:09",{"text":387,"minutes":635,"time":636,"words":637},11.36,681600,2272,{"stem":639,"path":640,"title":641,"date":642,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":643},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign","模拟集成电路设计","2026-09-10 20:00:00",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":645,"path":646,"title":647,"date":78,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":648},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn","大三秋冬",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":650,"path":651,"title":652,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":654},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F1.Chapter3-Device","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter3-device","Chapter 3：器件 Device","2026-09-10 21:14:41",{"text":249,"minutes":655,"time":656,"words":657},6.055,363300,1211,{"stem":659,"path":660,"title":661,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":662},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F10.Chapter12-Arithmetic","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter12-arithmetic","Chapter 12：算术运算电路 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期中试题",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":693,"path":694,"title":695,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":696},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F13.PastExams\u002F3.FinalPolished","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fpastexams\u002Ffinalpolished","期末历年卷（AI 润色版）",{"text":21,"minutes":697,"time":698,"words":699},1.575,94500,315,{"stem":701,"path":702,"title":703,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":704},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F14.ExamRecall2026","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fexamrecall2026","数字集成电路回忆 2026",{"text":60,"minutes":705,"time":706,"words":707},0.49,29400,98,{"stem":709,"path":710,"title":711,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":712},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F2.Chapter4-Wire","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter4-wire","Chapter 4：导线 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Gate",{"text":31,"minutes":729,"time":730,"words":731},8.635,518100,1727,{"stem":733,"path":734,"title":735,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":736},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F5.Chapter7-SequentialLogic","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter7-sequentiallogic","Chapter 7：时序逻辑 Sequential Logic",{"text":463,"minutes":737,"time":738,"words":739},16.645,998700,3329,{"stem":741,"path":742,"title":743,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":744},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F6.Chapter8-Speed","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter8-speed","Chapter 8：延迟与速度 Speed",{"text":745,"minutes":746,"time":747,"words":748},"33 min read",32.885,1973100,6577,{"stem":750,"path":751,"title":752,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":753},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F7.Chapter9-Power","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter9-power","Chapter 9：功耗 Power",{"text":754,"minutes":755,"time":756,"words":757},"31 min read",31.005,1860300,6201,{"stem":759,"path":760,"title":761,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":762},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F8.Chapter10-Interconnect","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter10-interconnect","Chapter 10：互连 Interconnect",{"text":463,"minutes":763,"time":764,"words":765},16.32,979200,3264,{"stem":767,"path":768,"title":769,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":770},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F9.Chapter11-Timing","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter11-timing","Chapter 11：时序 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read",43.985,2639100,8797,{"stem":824,"path":825,"title":826,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":827},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F2.computerOrganization\u002F14.L15","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fcomputerorganization\u002Fl15","L15：期末复习问答",{"text":269,"minutes":828,"time":829,"words":830},9.105,546300,1821,{"stem":832,"path":833,"title":834,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":835},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F2.computerOrganization\u002F2.L2-Binary","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fcomputerorganization\u002Fl2-binary","L2：二进制数制",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":837,"path":838,"title":839,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":840},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F2.computerOrganization\u002F3.L3-CMemory","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fcomputerorganization\u002Fl3-cmemory","L3：C 语言与内存模型",{"text":841,"minutes":842,"time":843,"words":844},"98 min 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19:38:06",{"text":269,"minutes":969,"time":970,"words":971},9.26,555600,1852,{"id":973,"title":826,"body":974,"categories":1554,"collapsed":9,"date":653,"description":1555,"draft":9,"extension":1556,"hideInArchive":343,"hideInList":343,"image":1557,"meta":1558,"navigation":343,"path":825,"permalink":1557,"published":1557,"readingTime":1560,"recommend":1557,"references":1557,"seo":1561,"sitemap":1562,"stem":824,"tags":1563,"type":1566,"updated":653,"__hash__":1567},"content\u002Fposts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F2.computerOrganization\u002F14.L15.md",{"type":975,"value":976,"toc":1528},"minimark",[977,982,989,992,995,998,1001,1004,1008,1013,1016,1019,1022,1025,1027,1031,1036,1039,1042,1045,1047,1051,1056,1064,1066,1070,1075,1078,1081,1084,1086,1090,1095,1098,1101,1104,1107,1110,1113,1178,1180,1183,1188,1194,1197,1213,1216,1222,1225,1227,1230,1235,1238,1262,1265,1268,1270,1274,1279,1282,1292,1295,1306,1309,1312,1332,1335,1337,1341,1349,1352,1359,1362,1368,1374,1377,1391,1402,1404,1407,1412,1415,1435,1438,1452,1455,1457,1461,1466,1469,1472,1478,1481,1487,1490,1493,1513,1516,1521],[978,979,981],"h2",{"id":980},"pdf-第-15-页页脚-14","PDF 第 15 页（页脚 14）",[983,984,985],"p",{},[986,987,988],"strong",{},"题目：在日常编程中，以下哪个基础操作的执行过程会主动触发操作系统的系统调用？",[983,990,991],{},"A. 计算 1+1",[983,993,994],{},"B. 打开文件（open）",[983,996,997],{},"C. 访问数组元素",[983,999,1000],{},"D. 执行循环",[1002,1003],"hr",{},[978,1005,1007],{"id":1006},"pdf-第-31-页页脚-30","PDF 第 31 页（页脚 30）",[983,1009,1010],{},[986,1011,1012],{},"题目：当程序访问的页面不在物理内存中时会触发缺页异常，请问系统此时会做出什么响应？",[983,1014,1015],{},"A. 进程终止",[983,1017,1018],{},"B. 切换到内核态并调页",[983,1020,1021],{},"C. 忽略该异常",[983,1023,1024],{},"D. 重启计算机",[1002,1026],{},[978,1028,1030],{"id":1029},"pdf-第-50-页页脚-49","PDF 第 50 页（页脚 49）",[983,1032,1033],{},[986,1034,1035],{},"Q：以下哪个操作最需要直接内存访问（DMA）技术的支持？",[983,1037,1038],{},"A. 读取键盘按键",[983,1040,1041],{},"B. 从硬盘加载 4 KB 数据",[983,1043,1044],{},"C. 计算圆周率 π",[1002,1046],{},[978,1048,1050],{"id":1049},"pdf-第-68-页页脚-67","PDF 第 68 页（页脚 67）",[983,1052,1053],{},[986,1054,1055],{},"题目：内存映射 I\u002FO（MMIO）的优点是什么？",[983,1057,1058,1059,1063],{},"A. 无需专用 I\u002FO 指令\nB. 更快，因为可以使用普通 ",[1060,1061,1062],"code",{"code":1062},"mov"," 指令\nC. 支持缓存\nD. 以上都是",[1002,1065],{},[978,1067,1069],{"id":1068},"pdf-第-76-页页脚-75","PDF 第 76 页（页脚 75）",[983,1071,1072],{},[986,1073,1074],{},"题目：以下哪种存储介质不需要寻道时间？",[983,1076,1077],{},"A. HDD（机械硬盘）",[983,1079,1080],{},"B. SSD（固态硬盘）",[983,1082,1083],{},"C. 磁带",[1002,1085],{},[978,1087,1089],{"id":1088},"pdf-第-96-页页脚-95","PDF 第 96 页（页脚 95）",[983,1091,1092],{},[986,1093,1094],{},"题目：以下哪种技术可以避免 CPU 拷贝网络数据？",[983,1096,1097],{},"A. DMA——直接存储器访问技术，允许外设与内存直接交互",[983,1099,1100],{},"B. 中断——用于通知 CPU 处理事件，不负责数据传输的路径优化",[983,1102,1103],{},"C. 轮询——CPU 主动检查外设状态，会占用大量 CPU 资源，效率较低",[983,1105,1106],{},"D. 仅有 TOE——TCP 卸载引擎仅卸载协议处理，无法单独避免数据拷贝",[983,1108,1109],{},"除此之外，PPT 中虽然还有不少问句、流程演示和算法示例，但没有被明确标注为“题目”或“小测验”，所以没有计入。",[978,1111,1112],{"id":1112},"答案速查",[1114,1115,1116,1129],"table",{},[1117,1118,1119],"thead",{},[1120,1121,1122,1126],"tr",{},[1123,1124,1125],"th",{},"题号",[1123,1127,1128],{},"答案",[1130,1131,1132,1140,1147,1154,1162,1170],"tbody",{},[1120,1133,1134,1138],{},[1135,1136,1137],"td",{},"1. 哪个操作会主动触发系统调用",[1135,1139,994],{},[1120,1141,1142,1145],{},[1135,1143,1144],{},"2. 页面不在物理内存时如何响应",[1135,1146,1018],{},[1120,1148,1149,1152],{},[1135,1150,1151],{},"3. 哪个操作最需要 DMA",[1135,1153,1041],{},[1120,1155,1156,1159],{},[1135,1157,1158],{},"4. MMIO 的优点",[1135,1160,1161],{},"按 PPT：D；严格来说：A 最准确",[1120,1163,1164,1167],{},[1135,1165,1166],{},"5. 哪种介质不需要寻道时间",[1135,1168,1169],{},"B. SSD",[1120,1171,1172,1175],{},[1135,1173,1174],{},"6. 哪种技术可以避免 CPU 拷贝网络数据",[1135,1176,1177],{},"A. DMA",[1002,1179],{},[978,1181,1182],{"id":1182},"主动触发系统调用的操作",[983,1184,1185],{},[986,1186,1187],{},"答案：B. 打开文件（open）",[983,1189,1190,1193],{},[1060,1191,1192],{"code":1192},"open()"," 要访问由操作系统管理的文件系统、权限信息和存储设备。普通应用运行在用户态，不能自己操作这些资源，所以必须执行系统调用，陷入内核态，由操作系统完成。",[983,1195,1196],{},"其他选项通常不需要内核参与：",[1198,1199,1200,1207,1210],"ul",{},[1201,1202,1203,1206],"li",{},[1060,1204,1205],{"code":1205},"1+1","：CPU 直接执行算术指令；",[1201,1208,1209],{},"访问数组：普通内存读取；",[1201,1211,1212],{},"执行循环：比较、跳转等普通指令。",[983,1214,1215],{},"核心判断标准是：",[1217,1218,1219],"blockquote",{},[983,1220,1221],{},"是否需要操作系统帮助访问受保护的系统资源。",[983,1223,1224],{},"因此，打开文件需要系统调用；纯计算和普通访存一般不需要。",[1002,1226],{},[978,1228,1229],{"id":1229},"页面不在物理内存时的响应",[983,1231,1232],{},[986,1233,1234],{},"答案：B. 切换到内核态并调页",[983,1236,1237],{},"当 CPU 访问某虚拟页面，页表显示该页面目前不在物理内存中时，会触发缺页异常：",[1239,1240,1241,1244,1247,1250,1253,1256,1259],"ol",{},[1201,1242,1243],{},"CPU 暂停当前指令；",[1201,1245,1246],{},"切换到内核态；",[1201,1248,1249],{},"操作系统检查地址是否合法；",[1201,1251,1252],{},"分配物理页框；",[1201,1254,1255],{},"从磁盘或可执行文件中读入页面；",[1201,1257,1258],{},"更新页表和 TLB；",[1201,1260,1261],{},"重新执行原指令。",[983,1263,1264],{},"缺页异常本身不一定是错误，它是请求分页的正常组成部分。",[983,1266,1267],{},"不过有个前提：地址必须合法。若程序访问的是根本没有映射的非法地址，操作系统才可能终止进程，例如产生段错误。",[1002,1269],{},[978,1271,1273],{"id":1272},"最需要-dma-支持的操作","最需要 DMA 支持的操作",[983,1275,1276],{},[986,1277,1278],{},"答案：B. 从硬盘加载 4 KB 数据",[983,1280,1281],{},"DMA 适合在设备和内存之间搬运成块数据：",[1283,1284,1289],"pre",{"className":1285,"code":1287,"language":1288},[1286],"language-text","磁盘 → DMA → 内存\n","text",[1060,1290,1287],{"__ignoreMap":1291},"",[983,1293,1294],{},"CPU 只需要设置：",[1198,1296,1297,1300,1303],{},[1201,1298,1299],{},"数据来源和目标地址；",[1201,1301,1302],{},"传输长度；",[1201,1304,1305],{},"启动命令。",[983,1307,1308],{},"随后 DMA 控制器负责传输，结束后再用中断通知 CPU。",[983,1310,1311],{},"各选项比较：",[1198,1313,1314,1320,1326],{},[1201,1315,1316,1319],{},[986,1317,1318],{},"读取键盘按键","：数据量极小、速度很慢，使用中断就足够；",[1201,1321,1322,1325],{},[986,1323,1324],{},"从硬盘加载 4 KB 数据","：属于块设备传输，适合 DMA；",[1201,1327,1328,1331],{},[986,1329,1330],{},"计算圆周率","：纯 CPU 计算，不存在设备与内存间的数据传输。",[983,1333,1334],{},"因此 B 最符合 DMA 的使用场景。",[1002,1336],{},[978,1338,1340],{"id":1339},"mmio-的优点","MMIO 的优点",[1342,1343,1345,1346],"h3",{"id":1344},"按照-ppt-给出的答案d-以上都是","按照 PPT 给出的答案：",[986,1347,1348],{},"D. 以上都是",[983,1350,1351],{},"但这道题的选项设计不够严谨。",[1342,1353,1355,1356],{"id":1354},"最准确的答案其实是a-无需专用-io-指令","最准确的答案其实是：",[986,1357,1358],{},"A. 无需专用 I\u002FO 指令",[983,1360,1361],{},"MMIO 把设备寄存器映射进处理器的地址空间：",[1283,1363,1366],{"className":1364,"code":1365,"language":1288},[1286],"某些地址 → 普通内存\n某些地址 → 设备控制\u002F数据寄存器\n",[1060,1367,1365],{"__ignoreMap":1291},[983,1369,1370,1371,1373],{},"CPU 因而可以使用普通的 load\u002Fstore 或 ",[1060,1372,1062],{"code":1062}," 类指令访问设备，不需要额外设计一套专门的 I\u002FO 指令。这确实简化了指令集和编程模型。",[983,1375,1376],{},"对其余选项要谨慎：",[1198,1378,1379,1385],{},[1201,1380,1381,1384],{},[986,1382,1383],{},"B“更快，因为可以使用普通 mov”","：使用普通指令不等于访问更快。实际速度主要由总线和设备决定。",[1201,1386,1387,1390],{},[986,1388,1389],{},"C“支持缓存”","：设备寄存器通常必须被标记为不可缓存或采用特殊设备内存属性，否则 CPU 可能读到旧状态，或者写操作不能按预期到达设备。",[983,1392,1393,1394,1397,1398,1401],{},"PPT 自身也注明 MMIO 区域通常禁止缓存，但仍把 D 标为答案，逻辑上有些矛盾。考试若严格按课件，选 ",[986,1395,1396],{},"D","；按计算机体系结构的严谨表述，选 ",[986,1399,1400],{},"A","。",[1002,1403],{},[978,1405,1406],{"id":1406},"不需要寻道时间的存储介质",[983,1408,1409],{},[986,1410,1411],{},"答案：B. SSD",[983,1413,1414],{},"寻道时间主要是机械运动造成的延迟。",[1198,1416,1417,1423,1429],{},[1201,1418,1419,1422],{},[986,1420,1421],{},"HDD","：磁头必须移动到指定磁道，因此存在寻道时间；",[1201,1424,1425,1428],{},[986,1426,1427],{},"磁带","：必须卷动到目标位置，是顺序访问，定位时间通常更长；",[1201,1430,1431,1434],{},[986,1432,1433],{},"SSD","：使用闪存芯片和电子电路，没有磁头、盘片等机械运动，因此没有机械寻道时间。",[983,1436,1437],{},"不过“没有寻道时间”不等于“零延迟”。SSD 仍然有：",[1198,1439,1440,1443,1446,1449],{},[1201,1441,1442],{},"闪存读取延迟；",[1201,1444,1445],{},"控制器处理时间；",[1201,1447,1448],{},"地址转换开销；",[1201,1450,1451],{},"垃圾回收和擦除开销。",[983,1453,1454],{},"只是它不存在 HDD 意义上的机械寻道。",[1002,1456],{},[978,1458,1460],{"id":1459},"避免-cpu-拷贝网络数据的技术","避免 CPU 拷贝网络数据的技术",[983,1462,1463],{},[986,1464,1465],{},"答案：A. DMA",[983,1467,1468],{},"网卡使用 DMA 后，可以直接在网卡与内存之间传输数据：",[1342,1470,1471],{"id":1471},"接收",[1283,1473,1476],{"className":1474,"code":1475,"language":1288},[1286],"网络 → 网卡 → DMA → 内存\n",[1060,1477,1475],{"__ignoreMap":1291},[1342,1479,1480],{"id":1480},"发送",[1283,1482,1485],{"className":1483,"code":1484,"language":1288},[1286],"内存 → DMA → 网卡 → 网络\n",[1060,1486,1484],{"__ignoreMap":1291},[983,1488,1489],{},"CPU 不需要逐字节执行读写指令，只负责设置描述符、地址和长度，完成后由网卡发中断通知。",[983,1491,1492],{},"其他选项：",[1198,1494,1495,1501,1507],{},[1201,1496,1497,1500],{},[986,1498,1499],{},"中断","只负责通知 CPU，不负责搬运数据；",[1201,1502,1503,1506],{},[986,1504,1505],{},"轮询","是 CPU 主动检查设备状态，反而增加 CPU 开销；",[1201,1508,1509,1512],{},[986,1510,1511],{},"TOE","主要卸载 TCP\u002FIP 协议处理，不能单独保证消除全部数据拷贝。",[983,1514,1515],{},"需要更严谨地区分：",[1217,1517,1518],{},[983,1519,1520],{},"DMA 避免的是 CPU 亲自完成“设备与内存之间”的数据搬运，但不自动消除用户缓冲区、内核缓冲区之间的所有复制。",[983,1522,1523,1524,1527],{},"要进一步实现完整的零拷贝，通常还需要 ",[1060,1525,1526],{"code":1526},"sendfile","、内存映射或页重映射等软件机制，与 DMA 配合使用。",{"title":1291,"searchDepth":1529,"depth":1529,"links":1530},4,[1531,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1549,1550],{"id":980,"depth":1532,"text":981},2,{"id":1006,"depth":1532,"text":1007},{"id":1029,"depth":1532,"text":1030},{"id":1049,"depth":1532,"text":1050},{"id":1068,"depth":1532,"text":1069},{"id":1088,"depth":1532,"text":1089},{"id":1112,"depth":1532,"text":1112},{"id":1182,"depth":1532,"text":1182},{"id":1229,"depth":1532,"text":1229},{"id":1272,"depth":1532,"text":1273},{"id":1339,"depth":1532,"text":1340,"children":1543},[1544,1547],{"id":1344,"depth":1545,"text":1546},3,"按照 PPT 给出的答案：D. 以上都是",{"id":1354,"depth":1545,"text":1548},"最准确的答案其实是：A. 无需专用 I\u002FO 指令",{"id":1406,"depth":1532,"text":1406},{"id":1459,"depth":1532,"text":1460,"children":1551},[1552,1553],{"id":1471,"depth":1545,"text":1471},{"id":1480,"depth":1545,"text":1480},[903],"围绕系统调用、DMA、MMIO 与存储介质等考点整理的问答式期末复习笔记","md",null,{"slots":1559},{},{"text":269,"minutes":828,"time":829,"words":830},{"title":826,"description":1555},{"loc":825},[1564,1565],"计算机组成原理","课程笔记","tech","GaSPURLZy8xsYzOTFUsageas-_pX1B0NizMSVmiOtBo",[1569,1570],{"title":817,"path":816,"stem":815,"date":653,"type":1566,"children":-1},{"title":834,"path":833,"stem":832,"date":653,"type":1566,"children":-1},1789057283125]