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E_g",[360,409,413,499],{"className":410,"ariaHidden":412},[411],"katex-html","true",[360,414,417,422,487,492,496],{"className":415},[416],"base",[360,418],{"className":419,"style":421},[420],"strut","height:0.9694em;vertical-align:-0.2861em;",[360,423,426,431],{"className":424},[425],"mord",[360,427,384],{"className":428,"style":430},[425,429],"mathnormal","margin-right:0.0576em;",[360,432,435],{"className":433},[434],"msupsub",[360,436,440,478],{"className":437},[438,439],"vlist-t","vlist-t2",[360,441,444,473],{"className":442},[443],"vlist-r",[360,445,449],{"className":446,"style":448},[447],"vlist","height:0.3361em;",[360,450,452,457],{"style":451},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0576em;margin-right:0.05em;",[360,453],{"className":454,"style":456},[455],"pstrut","height:2.7em;",[360,458,464],{"className":459},[460,461,462,463],"sizing","reset-size6","size3","mtight",[360,465,467,470],{"className":466},[425,463],[360,468,234],{"className":469},[425,429,463],[360,471,391],{"className":472},[425,429,463],[360,474,477],{"className":475},[476],"vlist-s","​",[360,479,481],{"className":480},[443],[360,482,485],{"className":483,"style":484},[447],"height:0.2861em;",[360,486],{},[360,488],{"className":489,"style":491},[490],"mspace","margin-right:0.2778em;",[360,493,395],{"className":494},[495],"mrel",[360,497],{"className":498,"style":491},[490],[360,500,502,505],{"className":501},[416],[360,503],{"className":504,"style":421},[420],[360,506,508,511],{"className":507},[425],[360,509,384],{"className":510,"style":430},[425,429],[360,512,514],{"className":513},[434],[360,515,517,539],{"className":516},[438,439],[360,518,520,536],{"className":519},[443],[360,521,524],{"className":522,"style":523},[447],"height:0.1514em;",[360,525,526,529],{"style":451},[360,527],{"className":528,"style":456},[455],[360,530,532],{"className":531},[460,461,462,463],[360,533,402],{"className":534,"style":535},[425,429,463],"margin-right:0.0359em;",[360,537,477],{"className":538},[476],[360,540,542],{"className":541},[443],[360,543,545],{"className":544,"style":484},[447],[360,546],{},"时，多余能量以热能散失",[251,549,550],{},"junction loss\n电池输出的电压无法达到理论上的最大值",[251,552,553],{},"contact loss\n欧姆接触损失的能量",[251,555,556],{},"recombination loss\n未收集就复合了",[243,558,560],{"id":559},"太阳光谱-solar-spectrum","太阳光谱 | solar spectrum",[562,563,565],"table",{"style":564},"width: 100%; border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0;",[566,567,568],"tbody",{},[569,570,572,573,572,582],"tr",{"style":571},"border: none;","\n  ",[574,575,577,572],"td",{"style":576},"width: 53.3%; text-align: center; border: none; padding: 0.3em; margin: 0;",[234,578,579],{},[260,580],{"alt":262,"src":581},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-05.png",[574,583,585,572],{"style":584},"width: 46.7%; text-align: center; border: none; padding: 0.3em; margin: 0;",[234,586,587],{},[260,588],{"alt":262,"src":589},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-16.png",[591,592,594],"alert",{"type":593},"tip",[234,595,596,597,601],{},"具有",[598,599,600],"mark",{},"固定带隙","的半导体光伏（PV）电池仅能转换太阳光谱中一部分的能量 |A semiconductor PV cell with fixed band-gap only convertsenergy in a portion of solar spectrum",[360,603,606],{"className":604},[605],"katex-display",[360,607,609,667],{"className":608},[363],[360,610,612],{"className":611},[367],[369,613,615],{"xmlns":371,"display":614},"block",[373,616,617,664],{},[376,618,619,623,626,639,641],{},[620,621,622],"mtext",{},"Photon Energy (eV)",[393,624,625],{},"=",[627,628,629,636],"mfrac",{},[376,630,631,633],{},[382,632,391],{},[382,634,635],{},"c",[382,637,638],{},"λ",[393,640,625],{},[627,642,643,647],{},[644,645,646],"mn",{},"1.24",[376,648,649,651,655,658,661],{},[382,650,638],{},[393,652,654],{"stretchy":653},"false","(",[382,656,657],{},"μ",[620,659,660],{},"m",[393,662,663],{"stretchy":653},")",[404,665,666],{"encoding":406},"\\text{Photon Energy (eV)} = \\frac{hc}{\\lambda} = \\frac{1.24}{\\lambda (\\mu\\text{m})}",[360,668,670,693,785],{"className":669,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,671,673,677,684,687,690],{"className":672},[416],[360,674],{"className":675,"style":676},[420],"height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[360,678,681],{"className":679},[425,680],"text",[360,682,622],{"className":683},[425],[360,685],{"className":686,"style":491},[490],[360,688,625],{"className":689},[495],[360,691],{"className":692,"style":491},[490],[360,694,696,700,776,779,782],{"className":695},[416],[360,697],{"className":698,"style":699},[420],"height:2.0574em;vertical-align:-0.686em;",[360,701,703,708,772],{"className":702},[425],[360,704],{"className":705},[706,707],"mopen","nulldelimiter",[360,709,711],{"className":710},[627],[360,712,714,763],{"className":713},[438,439],[360,715,717,760],{"className":716},[443],[360,718,721,734,745],{"className":719,"style":720},[447],"height:1.3714em;",[360,722,724,728],{"style":723},"top:-2.314em;",[360,725],{"className":726,"style":727},[455],"height:3em;",[360,729,731],{"className":730},[425],[360,732,638],{"className":733},[425,429],[360,735,737,740],{"style":736},"top:-3.23em;",[360,738],{"className":739,"style":727},[455],[360,741],{"className":742,"style":744},[743],"frac-line","border-bottom-width:0.04em;",[360,746,748,751],{"style":747},"top:-3.677em;",[360,749],{"className":750,"style":727},[455],[360,752,754,757],{"className":753},[425],[360,755,391],{"className":756},[425,429],[360,758,635],{"className":759},[425,429],[360,761,477],{"className":762},[476],[360,764,766],{"className":765},[443],[360,767,770],{"className":768,"style":769},[447],"height:0.686em;",[360,771],{},[360,773],{"className":774},[775,707],"mclose",[360,777],{"className":778,"style":491},[490],[360,780,625],{"className":781},[495],[360,783],{"className":784,"style":491},[490],[360,786,788,792],{"className":787},[416],[360,789],{"className":790,"style":791},[420],"height:2.2574em;vertical-align:-0.936em;",[360,793,795,798,868],{"className":794},[425],[360,796],{"className":797},[706,707],[360,799,801],{"className":800},[627],[360,802,804,859],{"className":803},[438,439],[360,805,807,856],{"className":806},[443],[360,808,811,837,845],{"className":809,"style":810},[447],"height:1.3214em;",[360,812,813,816],{"style":723},[360,814],{"className":815,"style":727},[455],[360,817,819,822,825,828,834],{"className":818},[425],[360,820,638],{"className":821},[425,429],[360,823,654],{"className":824},[706],[360,826,657],{"className":827},[425,429],[360,829,831],{"className":830},[425,680],[360,832,660],{"className":833},[425],[360,835,663],{"className":836},[775],[360,838,839,842],{"style":736},[360,840],{"className":841,"style":727},[455],[360,843],{"className":844,"style":744},[743],[360,846,847,850],{"style":747},[360,848],{"className":849,"style":727},[455],[360,851,853],{"className":852},[425],[360,854,646],{"className":855},[425],[360,857,477],{"className":858},[476],[360,860,862],{"className":861},[443],[360,863,866],{"className":864,"style":865},[447],"height:0.936em;",[360,867],{},[360,869],{"className":870},[775,707],[234,872,873,874,944,945,1118],{},"只有当光子能量大于",[360,875,877,895],{"className":876},[363],[360,878,880],{"className":879},[367],[369,881,882],{"xmlns":371},[373,883,884,892],{},[376,885,886],{},[379,887,888,890],{},[382,889,384],{},[382,891,402],{},[404,893,894],{"encoding":406},"E_g",[360,896,898],{"className":897,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,899,901,904],{"className":900},[416],[360,902],{"className":903,"style":421},[420],[360,905,907,910],{"className":906},[425],[360,908,384],{"className":909,"style":430},[425,429],[360,911,913],{"className":912},[434],[360,914,916,936],{"className":915},[438,439],[360,917,919,933],{"className":918},[443],[360,920,922],{"className":921,"style":523},[447],[360,923,924,927],{"style":451},[360,925],{"className":926,"style":456},[455],[360,928,930],{"className":929},[460,461,462,463],[360,931,402],{"className":932,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,934,477],{"className":935},[476],[360,937,939],{"className":938},[443],[360,940,942],{"className":941,"style":484},[447],[360,943],{},"时，即",[360,946,948,978],{"className":947},[363],[360,949,951],{"className":950},[367],[369,952,953],{"xmlns":371},[373,954,955,975],{},[376,956,957,967,969],{},[627,958,959,965],{},[376,960,961,963],{},[382,962,391],{},[382,964,635],{},[382,966,638],{},[393,968,395],{},[379,970,971,973],{},[382,972,384],{},[382,974,402],{},[404,976,977],{"encoding":406},"\\frac{hc}{\\lambda}>E_g",[360,979,981,1072],{"className":980,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,982,984,988,1063,1066,1069],{"className":983},[416],[360,985],{"className":986,"style":987},[420],"height:1.2251em;vertical-align:-0.345em;",[360,989,991,994,1060],{"className":990},[425],[360,992],{"className":993},[706,707],[360,995,997],{"className":996},[627],[360,998,1000,1051],{"className":999},[438,439],[360,1001,1003,1048],{"className":1002},[443],[360,1004,1007,1022,1030],{"className":1005,"style":1006},[447],"height:0.8801em;",[360,1008,1010,1013],{"style":1009},"top:-2.655em;",[360,1011],{"className":1012,"style":727},[455],[360,1014,1016],{"className":1015},[460,461,462,463],[360,1017,1019],{"className":1018},[425,463],[360,1020,638],{"className":1021},[425,429,463],[360,1023,1024,1027],{"style":736},[360,1025],{"className":1026,"style":727},[455],[360,1028],{"className":1029,"style":744},[743],[360,1031,1033,1036],{"style":1032},"top:-3.394em;",[360,1034],{"className":1035,"style":727},[455],[360,1037,1039],{"className":1038},[460,461,462,463],[360,1040,1042,1045],{"className":1041},[425,463],[360,1043,391],{"className":1044},[425,429,463],[360,1046,635],{"className":1047},[425,429,463],[360,1049,477],{"className":1050},[476],[360,1052,1054],{"className":1053},[443],[360,1055,1058],{"className":1056,"style":1057},[447],"height:0.345em;",[360,1059],{},[360,1061],{"className":1062},[775,707],[360,1064],{"className":1065,"style":491},[490],[360,1067,395],{"className":1068},[495],[360,1070],{"className":1071,"style":491},[490],[360,1073,1075,1078],{"className":1074},[416],[360,1076],{"className":1077,"style":421},[420],[360,1079,1081,1084],{"className":1080},[425],[360,1082,384],{"className":1083,"style":430},[425,429],[360,1085,1087],{"className":1086},[434],[360,1088,1090,1110],{"className":1089},[438,439],[360,1091,1093,1107],{"className":1092},[443],[360,1094,1096],{"className":1095,"style":523},[447],[360,1097,1098,1101],{"style":451},[360,1099],{"className":1100,"style":456},[455],[360,1102,1104],{"className":1103},[460,461,462,463],[360,1105,402],{"className":1106,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,1108,477],{"className":1109},[476],[360,1111,1113],{"className":1112},[443],[360,1114,1116],{"className":1115,"style":484},[447],[360,1117],{},"，光子才能被吸收",[234,1120,1121,1490],{},[360,1122,1124,1178],{"className":1123},[363],[360,1125,1127],{"className":1126},[367],[369,1128,1129],{"xmlns":371},[373,1130,1131,1175],{},[376,1132,1133,1147,1149,1163,1165],{},[379,1134,1135,1137],{},[382,1136,638],{},[376,1138,1139,1141,1144],{},[382,1140,660],{},[382,1142,1143],{},"a",[382,1145,1146],{},"x",[393,1148,625],{},[627,1150,1151,1157],{},[376,1152,1153,1155],{},[382,1154,391],{},[382,1156,635],{},[379,1158,1159,1161],{},[382,1160,384],{},[382,1162,402],{},[393,1164,625],{},[627,1166,1167,1169],{},[644,1168,646],{},[379,1170,1171,1173],{},[382,1172,384],{},[382,1174,402],{},[404,1176,1177],{"encoding":406},"\\lambda_{max}=\\frac{hc}{E_g}=\\frac{1.24}{E_g}",[360,1179,1181,1246,1377],{"className":1180,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1182,1184,1188,1237,1240,1243],{"className":1183},[416],[360,1185],{"className":1186,"style":1187},[420],"height:0.8444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[360,1189,1191,1194],{"className":1190},[425],[360,1192,638],{"className":1193},[425,429],[360,1195,1197],{"className":1196},[434],[360,1198,1200,1228],{"className":1199},[438,439],[360,1201,1203,1225],{"className":1202},[443],[360,1204,1206],{"className":1205,"style":523},[447],[360,1207,1209,1212],{"style":1208},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[360,1210],{"className":1211,"style":456},[455],[360,1213,1215],{"className":1214},[460,461,462,463],[360,1216,1218,1222],{"className":1217},[425,463],[360,1219,1221],{"className":1220},[425,429,463],"ma",[360,1223,1146],{"className":1224},[425,429,463],[360,1226,477],{"className":1227},[476],[360,1229,1231],{"className":1230},[443],[360,1232,1235],{"className":1233,"style":1234},[447],"height:0.15em;",[360,1236],{},[360,1238],{"className":1239,"style":491},[490],[360,1241,625],{"className":1242},[495],[360,1244],{"className":1245,"style":491},[490],[360,1247,1249,1253,1368,1371,1374],{"className":1248},[416],[360,1250],{"className":1251,"style":1252},[420],"height:1.4224em;vertical-align:-0.5423em;",[360,1254,1256,1259,1365],{"className":1255},[425],[360,1257],{"className":1258},[706,707],[360,1260,1262],{"className":1261},[627],[360,1263,1265,1356],{"className":1264},[438,439],[360,1266,1268,1353],{"className":1267},[443],[360,1269,1271,1328,1336],{"className":1270,"style":1006},[447],[360,1272,1273,1276],{"style":1009},[360,1274],{"className":1275,"style":727},[455],[360,1277,1279],{"className":1278},[460,461,462,463],[360,1280,1282],{"className":1281},[425,463],[360,1283,1285,1288],{"className":1284},[425,463],[360,1286,384],{"className":1287,"style":430},[425,429,463],[360,1289,1291],{"className":1290},[434],[360,1292,1294,1319],{"className":1293},[438,439],[360,1295,1297,1316],{"className":1296},[443],[360,1298,1301],{"className":1299,"style":1300},[447],"height:0.1645em;",[360,1302,1304,1308],{"style":1303},"top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.0576em;margin-right:0.0714em;",[360,1305],{"className":1306,"style":1307},[455],"height:2.5em;",[360,1309,1313],{"className":1310},[460,1311,1312,463],"reset-size3","size1",[360,1314,402],{"className":1315,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,1317,477],{"className":1318},[476],[360,1320,1322],{"className":1321},[443],[360,1323,1326],{"className":1324,"style":1325},[447],"height:0.2819em;",[360,1327],{},[360,1329,1330,1333],{"style":736},[360,1331],{"className":1332,"style":727},[455],[360,1334],{"className":1335,"style":744},[743],[360,1337,1338,1341],{"style":1032},[360,1339],{"className":1340,"style":727},[455],[360,1342,1344],{"className":1343},[460,461,462,463],[360,1345,1347,1350],{"className":1346},[425,463],[360,1348,391],{"className":1349},[425,429,463],[360,1351,635],{"className":1352},[425,429,463],[360,1354,477],{"className":1355},[476],[360,1357,1359],{"className":1358},[443],[360,1360,1363],{"className":1361,"style":1362},[447],"height:0.5423em;",[360,1364],{},[360,1366],{"className":1367},[775,707],[360,1369],{"className":1370,"style":491},[490],[360,1372,625],{"className":1373},[495],[360,1375],{"className":1376,"style":491},[490],[360,1378,1380,1384],{"className":1379},[416],[360,1381],{"className":1382,"style":1383},[420],"height:1.3874em;vertical-align:-0.5423em;",[360,1385,1387,1390,1487],{"className":1386},[425],[360,1388],{"className":1389},[706,707],[360,1391,1393],{"className":1392},[627],[360,1394,1396,1479],{"className":1395},[438,439],[360,1397,1399,1476],{"className":1398},[443],[360,1400,1403,1454,1462],{"className":1401,"style":1402},[447],"height:0.8451em;",[360,1404,1405,1408],{"style":1009},[360,1406],{"className":1407,"style":727},[455],[360,1409,1411],{"className":1410},[460,461,462,463],[360,1412,1414],{"className":1413},[425,463],[360,1415,1417,1420],{"className":1416},[425,463],[360,1418,384],{"className":1419,"style":430},[425,429,463],[360,1421,1423],{"className":1422},[434],[360,1424,1426,1446],{"className":1425},[438,439],[360,1427,1429,1443],{"className":1428},[443],[360,1430,1432],{"className":1431,"style":1300},[447],[360,1433,1434,1437],{"style":1303},[360,1435],{"className":1436,"style":1307},[455],[360,1438,1440],{"className":1439},[460,1311,1312,463],[360,1441,402],{"className":1442,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,1444,477],{"className":1445},[476],[360,1447,1449],{"className":1448},[443],[360,1450,1452],{"className":1451,"style":1325},[447],[360,1453],{},[360,1455,1456,1459],{"style":736},[360,1457],{"className":1458,"style":727},[455],[360,1460],{"className":1461,"style":744},[743],[360,1463,1464,1467],{"style":1032},[360,1465],{"className":1466,"style":727},[455],[360,1468,1470],{"className":1469},[460,461,462,463],[360,1471,1473],{"className":1472},[425,463],[360,1474,646],{"className":1475},[425,463],[360,1477,477],{"className":1478},[476],[360,1480,1482],{"className":1481},[443],[360,1483,1485],{"className":1484,"style":1362},[447],[360,1486],{},[360,1488],{"className":1489},[775,707],"可以求到最大能够吸收的光的波长",[243,1492,1494],{"id":1493},"光吸收-light-absorption","光吸收 | light absorption",[234,1496,1497],{},[260,1498],{"alt":262,"src":1499},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-01.png",[1501,1502,1504,1505],"h4",{"id":1503},"核心物理概念-αalphaα","核心物理概念 ",[360,1506,1508,1523],{"className":1507},[363],[360,1509,1511],{"className":1510},[367],[369,1512,1513],{"xmlns":371},[373,1514,1515,1520],{},[376,1516,1517],{},[382,1518,1519],{},"α",[404,1521,1522],{"encoding":406},"\\alpha",[360,1524,1526],{"className":1525,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1527,1529,1533],{"className":1528},[416],[360,1530],{"className":1531,"style":1532},[420],"height:0.4306em;",[360,1534,1519],{"className":1535,"style":1536},[425,429],"margin-right:0.0037em;",[321,1538,1539],{},[251,1540,1541],{},"光强衰减规律：",[360,1543,1545],{"className":1544},[605],[360,1546,1548,1587],{"className":1547},[363],[360,1549,1551],{"className":1550},[367],[369,1552,1553],{"xmlns":371,"display":614},[373,1554,1555,1584],{},[376,1556,1557,1560,1562,1564,1566,1569],{},[620,1558,1559],{},"Light intensity ",[393,1561,654],{"stretchy":653},[382,1563,1146],{},[393,1565,663],{"stretchy":653},[393,1567,1568],{},"∝",[1570,1571,1572,1575],"msup",{},[382,1573,1574],{},"e",[376,1576,1577,1580,1582],{},[393,1578,1579],{},"−",[382,1581,1519],{},[382,1583,1146],{},[404,1585,1586],{"encoding":406},"\\text{Light intensity }(x) \\propto e^{-\\alpha x}",[360,1588,1590,1620],{"className":1589,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1591,1593,1596,1602,1605,1608,1611,1614,1617],{"className":1592},[416],[360,1594],{"className":1595,"style":676},[420],[360,1597,1599],{"className":1598},[425,680],[360,1600,1559],{"className":1601},[425],[360,1603,654],{"className":1604},[706],[360,1606,1146],{"className":1607},[425,429],[360,1609,663],{"className":1610},[775],[360,1612],{"className":1613,"style":491},[490],[360,1615,1568],{"className":1616},[495],[360,1618],{"className":1619,"style":491},[490],[360,1621,1623,1627],{"className":1622},[416],[360,1624],{"className":1625,"style":1626},[420],"height:0.8213em;",[360,1628,1630,1633],{"className":1629},[425],[360,1631,1574],{"className":1632},[425,429],[360,1634,1636],{"className":1635},[434],[360,1637,1639],{"className":1638},[438],[360,1640,1642],{"className":1641},[443],[360,1643,1645],{"className":1644,"style":1626},[447],[360,1646,1648,1651],{"style":1647},"top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;",[360,1649],{"className":1650,"style":456},[455],[360,1652,1654],{"className":1653},[460,461,462,463],[360,1655,1657,1660,1663],{"className":1656},[425,463],[360,1658,1579],{"className":1659},[425,463],[360,1661,1519],{"className":1662,"style":1536},[425,429,463],[360,1664,1146],{"className":1665},[425,429,463],[234,1667,1668,1669,1697],{},"这表示光进入材料后，强度随深度 ",[360,1670,1672,1685],{"className":1671},[363],[360,1673,1675],{"className":1674},[367],[369,1676,1677],{"xmlns":371},[373,1678,1679,1683],{},[376,1680,1681],{},[382,1682,1146],{},[404,1684,1146],{"encoding":406},[360,1686,1688],{"className":1687,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1689,1691,1694],{"className":1690},[416],[360,1692],{"className":1693,"style":1532},[420],[360,1695,1146],{"className":1696},[425,429]," 呈指数衰减。",[321,1699,1700,1838,1918],{},[251,1701,1702,1703,1731,1732,1808,1809,1837],{},"吸收系数 (",[360,1704,1706,1719],{"className":1705},[363],[360,1707,1709],{"className":1708},[367],[369,1710,1711],{"xmlns":371},[373,1712,1713,1717],{},[376,1714,1715],{},[382,1716,1519],{},[404,1718,1522],{"encoding":406},[360,1720,1722],{"className":1721,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1723,1725,1728],{"className":1724},[416],[360,1726],{"className":1727,"style":1532},[420],[360,1729,1519],{"className":1730,"style":1536},[425,429],")：\n单位是 ",[360,1733,1735,1759],{"className":1734},[363],[360,1736,1738],{"className":1737},[367],[369,1739,1740],{"xmlns":371},[373,1741,1742,1756],{},[376,1743,1744],{},[1570,1745,1746,1749],{},[620,1747,1748],{},"cm",[376,1750,1751,1753],{},[393,1752,1579],{},[644,1754,1755],{},"1",[404,1757,1758],{"encoding":406},"\\text{cm}^{-1}",[360,1760,1762],{"className":1761,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1763,1765,1769],{"className":1764},[416],[360,1766],{"className":1767,"style":1768},[420],"height:0.8141em;",[360,1770,1772,1778],{"className":1771},[425],[360,1773,1775],{"className":1774},[425,680],[360,1776,1748],{"className":1777},[425],[360,1779,1781],{"className":1780},[434],[360,1782,1784],{"className":1783},[438],[360,1785,1787],{"className":1786},[443],[360,1788,1790],{"className":1789,"style":1768},[447],[360,1791,1793,1796],{"style":1792},"top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;",[360,1794],{"className":1795,"style":456},[455],[360,1797,1799],{"className":1798},[460,461,462,463],[360,1800,1802,1805],{"className":1801},[425,463],[360,1803,1579],{"className":1804},[425,463],[360,1806,1755],{"className":1807},[425,463],"。",[360,1810,1812,1825],{"className":1811},[363],[360,1813,1815],{"className":1814},[367],[369,1816,1817],{"xmlns":371},[373,1818,1819,1823],{},[376,1820,1821],{},[382,1822,1519],{},[404,1824,1522],{"encoding":406},[360,1826,1828],{"className":1827,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1829,1831,1834],{"className":1830},[416],[360,1832],{"className":1833,"style":1532},[420],[360,1835,1519],{"className":1836,"style":1536},[425,429]," 越大，表示材料吸收光的能力越强，光衰减得越快。",[251,1839,1840,1841,1880,1881,1917],{},"光穿透深度 (Light penetration depth)：\n定义为 ",[360,1842,1844,1864],{"className":1843},[363],[360,1845,1847],{"className":1846},[367],[369,1848,1849],{"xmlns":371},[373,1850,1851,1861],{},[376,1852,1853,1855,1859],{},[644,1854,1755],{},[382,1856,1858],{"mathvariant":1857},"normal","\u002F",[382,1860,1519],{},[404,1862,1863],{"encoding":406},"1\u002F\\alpha",[360,1865,1867],{"className":1866,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1868,1870,1873,1877],{"className":1869},[416],[360,1871],{"className":1872,"style":676},[420],[360,1874,1876],{"className":1875},[425],"1\u002F",[360,1878,1519],{"className":1879,"style":1536},[425,429],"。它表示光强度衰减到入射强度的 ",[360,1882,1884,1902],{"className":1883},[363],[360,1885,1887],{"className":1886},[367],[369,1888,1889],{"xmlns":371},[373,1890,1891,1899],{},[376,1892,1893,1895,1897],{},[644,1894,1755],{},[382,1896,1858],{"mathvariant":1857},[382,1898,1574],{},[404,1900,1901],{"encoding":406},"1\u002Fe",[360,1903,1905],{"className":1904,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1906,1908,1911,1914],{"className":1907},[416],[360,1909],{"className":1910,"style":676},[420],[360,1912,1876],{"className":1913},[425],[360,1915,1574],{"className":1916},[425,429],"（约 37%）时所穿透的距离。吸收系数越大，穿透深度越浅（光在表面就被吸收了）。",[251,1919,1920],{},"光子能量与波长的关系：",[360,1922,1924],{"className":1923},[605],[360,1925,1927,1970],{"className":1926},[363],[360,1928,1930],{"className":1929},[367],[369,1931,1932],{"xmlns":371,"display":614},[373,1933,1934,1968],{},[376,1935,1936,1938,1940,1950,1952],{},[620,1937,622],{},[393,1939,625],{},[627,1941,1942,1948],{},[376,1943,1944,1946],{},[382,1945,391],{},[382,1947,635],{},[382,1949,638],{},[393,1951,625],{},[627,1953,1954,1956],{},[644,1955,646],{},[376,1957,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966],{},[382,1959,638],{},[393,1961,654],{"stretchy":653},[382,1963,657],{},[620,1965,660],{},[393,1967,663],{"stretchy":653},[404,1969,666],{"encoding":406},[360,1971,1973,1994,2074],{"className":1972,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,1974,1976,1979,1985,1988,1991],{"className":1975},[416],[360,1977],{"className":1978,"style":676},[420],[360,1980,1982],{"className":1981},[425,680],[360,1983,622],{"className":1984},[425],[360,1986],{"className":1987,"style":491},[490],[360,1989,625],{"className":1990},[495],[360,1992],{"className":1993,"style":491},[490],[360,1995,1997,2000,2065,2068,2071],{"className":1996},[416],[360,1998],{"className":1999,"style":699},[420],[360,2001,2003,2006,2062],{"className":2002},[425],[360,2004],{"className":2005},[706,707],[360,2007,2009],{"className":2008},[627],[360,2010,2012,2054],{"className":2011},[438,439],[360,2013,2015,2051],{"className":2014},[443],[360,2016,2018,2029,2037],{"className":2017,"style":720},[447],[360,2019,2020,2023],{"style":723},[360,2021],{"className":2022,"style":727},[455],[360,2024,2026],{"className":2025},[425],[360,2027,638],{"className":2028},[425,429],[360,2030,2031,2034],{"style":736},[360,2032],{"className":2033,"style":727},[455],[360,2035],{"className":2036,"style":744},[743],[360,2038,2039,2042],{"style":747},[360,2040],{"className":2041,"style":727},[455],[360,2043,2045,2048],{"className":2044},[425],[360,2046,391],{"className":2047},[425,429],[360,2049,635],{"className":2050},[425,429],[360,2052,477],{"className":2053},[476],[360,2055,2057],{"className":2056},[443],[360,2058,2060],{"className":2059,"style":769},[447],[360,2061],{},[360,2063],{"className":2064},[775,707],[360,2066],{"className":2067,"style":491},[490],[360,2069,625],{"className":2070},[495],[360,2072],{"className":2073,"style":491},[490],[360,2075,2077,2080],{"className":2076},[416],[360,2078],{"className":2079,"style":791},[420],[360,2081,2083,2086,2154],{"className":2082},[425],[360,2084],{"className":2085},[706,707],[360,2087,2089],{"className":2088},[627],[360,2090,2092,2146],{"className":2091},[438,439],[360,2093,2095,2143],{"className":2094},[443],[360,2096,2098,2124,2132],{"className":2097,"style":810},[447],[360,2099,2100,2103],{"style":723},[360,2101],{"className":2102,"style":727},[455],[360,2104,2106,2109,2112,2115,2121],{"className":2105},[425],[360,2107,638],{"className":2108},[425,429],[360,2110,654],{"className":2111},[706],[360,2113,657],{"className":2114},[425,429],[360,2116,2118],{"className":2117},[425,680],[360,2119,660],{"className":2120},[425],[360,2122,663],{"className":2123},[775],[360,2125,2126,2129],{"style":736},[360,2127],{"className":2128,"style":727},[455],[360,2130],{"className":2131,"style":744},[743],[360,2133,2134,2137],{"style":747},[360,2135],{"className":2136,"style":727},[455],[360,2138,2140],{"className":2139},[425],[360,2141,646],{"className":2142},[425],[360,2144,477],{"className":2145},[476],[360,2147,2149],{"className":2148},[443],[360,2150,2152],{"className":2151,"style":865},[447],[360,2153],{},[360,2155],{"className":2156},[775,707],[234,2158,2159,2160,2198],{},"这是一个非常实用的工程公式。它说明光子能量（eV）与波长（",[360,2161,2163,2179],{"className":2162},[363],[360,2164,2166],{"className":2165},[367],[369,2167,2168],{"xmlns":371},[373,2169,2170,2176],{},[376,2171,2172,2174],{},[382,2173,657],{},[620,2175,660],{},[404,2177,2178],{"encoding":406},"\\mu\\text{m}",[360,2180,2182],{"className":2181,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2183,2185,2189,2192],{"className":2184},[416],[360,2186],{"className":2187,"style":2188},[420],"height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[360,2190,657],{"className":2191},[425,429],[360,2193,2195],{"className":2194},[425,680],[360,2196,660],{"className":2197},[425],"）成反比。波长越短，能量越高。",[1501,2200,2201],{"id":2201},"图表分析",[234,2203,2204],{},[255,2205,2206],{},"关键观察：",[321,2208,2209,2219],{},[251,2210,2211,2214,2215,2218],{},[255,2212,2213],{},"GaAs, InP (直接带隙半导体)："," 我们可以看到 GaAs 的曲线在达到带隙能量（约 1.42 eV）后，吸收系数",[255,2216,2217],{},"急剧上升","（几乎是垂直的）。这意味着一旦光子能量足够，它们能极快地吸收光子。",[251,2220,2221,2224,2225,2228],{},[255,2222,2223],{},"Si (间接带隙半导体)："," 硅的曲线虽然也上升，但显得比较",[255,2226,2227],{},"平缓","。这意味着硅在带隙附近的吸光能力较弱，需要更厚的材料才能充分吸收光。",[1501,2230,2231],{"id":2231},"核心结论",[231,2233,2234],{},[234,2235,2236],{},[2237,2238,2239],"em",{},"\"A thinner layer of direct-gap semiconductor can absorb most of solar radiation than indirect-gap semiconductor.\"",[234,2241,2242],{},"这句话总结了这张图的实际应用意义：",[321,2244,2245,2255],{},[251,2246,2247,2250,2251,2254],{},[255,2248,2249],{},"直接带隙半导体 (Direct-gap, 如 GaAs)："," 吸光效率非常高。因此，在制造太阳能电池或光电探测器时，只需要",[255,2252,2253],{},"很薄的一层","材料（几微米甚至更薄）就能吸收大部分太阳光。",[251,2256,2257,2260,2261,2264],{},[255,2258,2259],{},"间接带隙半导体 (Indirect-gap, 如 Si)："," 吸光效率较低（因为电子跃迁需要声子的参与，概率较低）。因此，硅基太阳能电池通常需要",[255,2262,2263],{},"较厚","的硅片（通常为几百微米）才能保证足够的光吸收。",[243,2266,2268],{"id":2267},"直接带隙间接带隙-direct-indirect-gap","直接带隙间接带隙  | direct indirect-gap",[321,2270,2271,2303],{},[251,2272,2273,2274,2302],{},"直接带隙",[360,2275,2277,2290],{"className":2276},[363],[360,2278,2280],{"className":2279},[367],[369,2281,2282],{"xmlns":371},[373,2283,2284,2288],{},[376,2285,2286],{},[382,2287,1519],{},[404,2289,1522],{"encoding":406},[360,2291,2293],{"className":2292,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2294,2296,2299],{"className":2295},[416],[360,2297],{"className":2298,"style":1532},[420],[360,2300,1519],{"className":2301,"style":1536},[425,429]," 大",[251,2304,2305,2306,2334],{},"间接带隙",[360,2307,2309,2322],{"className":2308},[363],[360,2310,2312],{"className":2311},[367],[369,2313,2314],{"xmlns":371},[373,2315,2316,2320],{},[376,2317,2318],{},[382,2319,1519],{},[404,2321,1522],{"encoding":406},[360,2323,2325],{"className":2324,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2326,2328,2331],{"className":2327},[416],[360,2329],{"className":2330,"style":1532},[420],[360,2332,1519],{"className":2333,"style":1536},[425,429]," 小",[238,2336,2338],{"id":2337},"太阳能电池的-i-v-特性-solar-cell-i-v-characteristics","太阳能电池的 I-V 特性  |Solar Cell I-V Characteristics",[243,2340,2341],{"id":2341},"机制",[234,2343,2344],{},[260,2345],{"alt":262,"src":2346},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-04.png",[1501,2348,2350],{"id":2349},"物理机制左上图","物理机制（左上图）",[234,2352,2353,2356],{},[255,2354,2355],{},"Light (光照):"," 光从左侧射入。",[234,2358,2359,2362,2363,2419,2420,2423,2506,1808],{},[255,2360,2361],{},"Short Circuit (短路):"," 电池的两端（N区和P区）被一根导线直接连接。在这种情况下，电压 ",[360,2364,2366,2386],{"className":2365},[363],[360,2367,2369],{"className":2368},[367],[369,2370,2371],{"xmlns":371},[373,2372,2373,2383],{},[376,2374,2375,2378,2380],{},[382,2376,2377],{},"V",[393,2379,625],{},[644,2381,2382],{},"0",[404,2384,2385],{"encoding":406},"V=0",[360,2387,2389,2409],{"className":2388,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2390,2392,2396,2400,2403,2406],{"className":2391},[416],[360,2393],{"className":2394,"style":2395},[420],"height:0.6833em;",[360,2397,2377],{"className":2398,"style":2399},[425,429],"margin-right:0.2222em;",[360,2401],{"className":2402,"style":491},[490],[360,2404,625],{"className":2405},[495],[360,2407],{"className":2408,"style":491},[490],[360,2410,2412,2416],{"className":2411},[416],[360,2413],{"className":2414,"style":2415},[420],"height:0.6444em;",[360,2417,2382],{"className":2418},[425],"，电路中流过的电流被称为",[255,2421,2422],{},"短路电流 (",[360,2424,2426,2450],{"className":2425},[363],[360,2427,2429],{"className":2428},[367],[369,2430,2431],{"xmlns":371},[373,2432,2433,2447],{},[376,2434,2435],{},[379,2436,2437,2440],{},[382,2438,2439],{},"I",[376,2441,2442,2445],{},[382,2443,2444],{},"s",[382,2446,635],{},[404,2448,2449],{"encoding":406},"I_{sc}",[360,2451,2453],{"className":2452,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2454,2456,2460],{"className":2455},[416],[360,2457],{"className":2458,"style":2459},[420],"height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[360,2461,2463,2467],{"className":2462},[425],[360,2464,2439],{"className":2465,"style":2466},[425,429],"margin-right:0.0785em;",[360,2468,2470],{"className":2469},[434],[360,2471,2473,2498],{"className":2472},[438,439],[360,2474,2476,2495],{"className":2475},[443],[360,2477,2479],{"className":2478,"style":523},[447],[360,2480,2482,2485],{"style":2481},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0785em;margin-right:0.05em;",[360,2483],{"className":2484,"style":456},[455],[360,2486,2488],{"className":2487},[460,461,462,463],[360,2489,2491],{"className":2490},[425,463],[360,2492,2494],{"className":2493},[425,429,463],"sc",[360,2496,477],{"className":2497},[476],[360,2499,2501],{"className":2500},[443],[360,2502,2504],{"className":2503,"style":1234},[447],[360,2505],{},[255,2507,663],{},[1501,2509,2511],{"id":2510},"核心方程","核心方程:",[360,2513,2515],{"className":2514},[605],[360,2516,2518,2579],{"className":2517},[363],[360,2519,2521],{"className":2520},[367],[369,2522,2523],{"xmlns":371,"display":614},[373,2524,2525,2576],{},[376,2526,2527,2529,2531,2537,2539,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566],{},[382,2528,2439],{},[393,2530,625],{},[379,2532,2533,2535],{},[382,2534,2439],{},[644,2536,2382],{},[393,2538,654],{"stretchy":653},[1570,2540,2541,2543],{},[382,2542,1574],{},[376,2544,2545,2548,2550,2552,2555],{},[382,2546,2547],{},"q",[382,2549,2377],{},[382,2551,1858],{"mathvariant":1857},[382,2553,2554],{},"k",[382,2556,2557],{},"T",[393,2559,1579],{},[644,2561,1755],{},[393,2563,663],{"stretchy":653},[393,2565,1579],{},[379,2567,2568,2570],{},[382,2569,2439],{},[376,2571,2572,2574],{},[382,2573,2444],{},[382,2575,635],{},[404,2577,2578],{"encoding":406},"I = I_0(e^{qV\u002FkT} - 1) - I_{sc}",[360,2580,2582,2600,2708,2729],{"className":2581,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2583,2585,2588,2591,2594,2597],{"className":2584},[416],[360,2586],{"className":2587,"style":2395},[420],[360,2589,2439],{"className":2590,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,2592],{"className":2593,"style":491},[490],[360,2595,625],{"className":2596},[495],[360,2598],{"className":2599,"style":491},[490],[360,2601,2603,2607,2648,2651,2698,2701,2705],{"className":2602},[416],[360,2604],{"className":2605,"style":2606},[420],"height:1.188em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[360,2608,2610,2613],{"className":2609},[425],[360,2611,2439],{"className":2612,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,2614,2616],{"className":2615},[434],[360,2617,2619,2640],{"className":2618},[438,439],[360,2620,2622,2637],{"className":2621},[443],[360,2623,2626],{"className":2624,"style":2625},[447],"height:0.3011em;",[360,2627,2628,2631],{"style":2481},[360,2629],{"className":2630,"style":456},[455],[360,2632,2634],{"className":2633},[460,461,462,463],[360,2635,2382],{"className":2636},[425,463],[360,2638,477],{"className":2639},[476],[360,2641,2643],{"className":2642},[443],[360,2644,2646],{"className":2645,"style":1234},[447],[360,2647],{},[360,2649,654],{"className":2650},[706],[360,2652,2654,2657],{"className":2653},[425],[360,2655,1574],{"className":2656},[425,429],[360,2658,2660],{"className":2659},[434],[360,2661,2663],{"className":2662},[438],[360,2664,2666],{"className":2665},[443],[360,2667,2670],{"className":2668,"style":2669},[447],"height:0.938em;",[360,2671,2672,2675],{"style":1647},[360,2673],{"className":2674,"style":456},[455],[360,2676,2678],{"className":2677},[460,461,462,463],[360,2679,2681,2684,2687,2690,2694],{"className":2680},[425,463],[360,2682,2547],{"className":2683,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,2685,2377],{"className":2686,"style":2399},[425,429,463],[360,2688,1858],{"className":2689},[425,463],[360,2691,2554],{"className":2692,"style":2693},[425,429,463],"margin-right:0.0315em;",[360,2695,2557],{"className":2696,"style":2697},[425,429,463],"margin-right:0.1389em;",[360,2699],{"className":2700,"style":2399},[490],[360,2702,1579],{"className":2703},[2704],"mbin",[360,2706],{"className":2707,"style":2399},[490],[360,2709,2711,2714,2717,2720,2723,2726],{"className":2710},[416],[360,2712],{"className":2713,"style":676},[420],[360,2715,1755],{"className":2716},[425],[360,2718,663],{"className":2719},[775],[360,2721],{"className":2722,"style":2399},[490],[360,2724,1579],{"className":2725},[2704],[360,2727],{"className":2728,"style":2399},[490],[360,2730,2732,2735],{"className":2731},[416],[360,2733],{"className":2734,"style":2459},[420],[360,2736,2738,2741],{"className":2737},[425],[360,2739,2439],{"className":2740,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,2742,2744],{"className":2743},[434],[360,2745,2747,2770],{"className":2746},[438,439],[360,2748,2750,2767],{"className":2749},[443],[360,2751,2753],{"className":2752,"style":523},[447],[360,2754,2755,2758],{"style":2481},[360,2756],{"className":2757,"style":456},[455],[360,2759,2761],{"className":2760},[460,461,462,463],[360,2762,2764],{"className":2763},[425,463],[360,2765,2494],{"className":2766},[425,429,463],[360,2768,477],{"className":2769},[476],[360,2771,2773],{"className":2772},[443],[360,2774,2776],{"className":2775,"style":1234},[447],[360,2777],{},[321,2779,2780,2980],{},[251,2781,2782,2946,2947,2950,2951,2979],{},[360,2783,2785,2827],{"className":2784},[363],[360,2786,2788],{"className":2787},[367],[369,2789,2790],{"xmlns":371},[373,2791,2792,2824],{},[376,2793,2794,2800,2802,2818,2820,2822],{},[379,2795,2796,2798],{},[382,2797,2439],{},[644,2799,2382],{},[393,2801,654],{"stretchy":653},[1570,2803,2804,2806],{},[382,2805,1574],{},[376,2807,2808,2810,2812,2814,2816],{},[382,2809,2547],{},[382,2811,2377],{},[382,2813,1858],{"mathvariant":1857},[382,2815,2554],{},[382,2817,2557],{},[393,2819,1579],{},[644,2821,1755],{},[393,2823,663],{"stretchy":653},[404,2825,2826],{"encoding":406},"I_0(e^{qV\u002FkT}-1)",[360,2828,2830,2934],{"className":2829,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2831,2833,2837,2877,2880,2925,2928,2931],{"className":2832},[416],[360,2834],{"className":2835,"style":2836},[420],"height:1.138em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[360,2838,2840,2843],{"className":2839},[425],[360,2841,2439],{"className":2842,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,2844,2846],{"className":2845},[434],[360,2847,2849,2869],{"className":2848},[438,439],[360,2850,2852,2866],{"className":2851},[443],[360,2853,2855],{"className":2854,"style":2625},[447],[360,2856,2857,2860],{"style":2481},[360,2858],{"className":2859,"style":456},[455],[360,2861,2863],{"className":2862},[460,461,462,463],[360,2864,2382],{"className":2865},[425,463],[360,2867,477],{"className":2868},[476],[360,2870,2872],{"className":2871},[443],[360,2873,2875],{"className":2874,"style":1234},[447],[360,2876],{},[360,2878,654],{"className":2879},[706],[360,2881,2883,2886],{"className":2882},[425],[360,2884,1574],{"className":2885},[425,429],[360,2887,2889],{"className":2888},[434],[360,2890,2892],{"className":2891},[438],[360,2893,2895],{"className":2894},[443],[360,2896,2899],{"className":2897,"style":2898},[447],"height:0.888em;",[360,2900,2901,2904],{"style":1792},[360,2902],{"className":2903,"style":456},[455],[360,2905,2907],{"className":2906},[460,461,462,463],[360,2908,2910,2913,2916,2919,2922],{"className":2909},[425,463],[360,2911,2547],{"className":2912,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,2914,2377],{"className":2915,"style":2399},[425,429,463],[360,2917,1858],{"className":2918},[425,463],[360,2920,2554],{"className":2921,"style":2693},[425,429,463],[360,2923,2557],{"className":2924,"style":2697},[425,429,463],[360,2926],{"className":2927,"style":2399},[490],[360,2929,1579],{"className":2930},[2704],[360,2932],{"className":2933,"style":2399},[490],[360,2935,2937,2940,2943],{"className":2936},[416],[360,2938],{"className":2939,"style":676},[420],[360,2941,1755],{"className":2942},[425],[360,2944,663],{"className":2945},[775],": ",[255,2948,2949],{},"二极管电流","（暗电流）。它随电压 ",[360,2952,2954,2967],{"className":2953},[363],[360,2955,2957],{"className":2956},[367],[369,2958,2959],{"xmlns":371},[373,2960,2961,2965],{},[376,2962,2963],{},[382,2964,2377],{},[404,2966,2377],{"encoding":406},[360,2968,2970],{"className":2969,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,2971,2973,2976],{"className":2972},[416],[360,2974],{"className":2975,"style":2395},[420],[360,2977,2377],{"className":2978,"style":2399},[425,429]," 指数增加。",[251,2981,2982,2946,3064,3067],{},[360,2983,2985,3009],{"className":2984},[363],[360,2986,2988],{"className":2987},[367],[369,2989,2990],{"xmlns":371},[373,2991,2992,3006],{},[376,2993,2994,2996],{},[393,2995,1579],{},[379,2997,2998,3000],{},[382,2999,2439],{},[376,3001,3002,3004],{},[382,3003,2444],{},[382,3005,635],{},[404,3007,3008],{"encoding":406},"-I_{sc}",[360,3010,3012],{"className":3011,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3013,3015,3018,3021],{"className":3014},[416],[360,3016],{"className":3017,"style":2459},[420],[360,3019,1579],{"className":3020},[425],[360,3022,3024,3027],{"className":3023},[425],[360,3025,2439],{"className":3026,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,3028,3030],{"className":3029},[434],[360,3031,3033,3056],{"className":3032},[438,439],[360,3034,3036,3053],{"className":3035},[443],[360,3037,3039],{"className":3038,"style":523},[447],[360,3040,3041,3044],{"style":2481},[360,3042],{"className":3043,"style":456},[455],[360,3045,3047],{"className":3046},[460,461,462,463],[360,3048,3050],{"className":3049},[425,463],[360,3051,2494],{"className":3052},[425,429,463],[360,3054,477],{"className":3055},[476],[360,3057,3059],{"className":3058},[443],[360,3060,3062],{"className":3061,"style":1234},[447],[360,3063],{},[255,3065,3066],{},"光生电流","。这一项是负值，表示光照产生的电流方向与二极管正向导通电流方向相反。正是这一项让曲线向下平移。",[231,3069,3070],{},[234,3071,3072],{},"可以将暗电流理解为PN结发电的损失",[1501,3074,3075],{"id":3075},"关键定义",[234,3077,3078,3154,3155,3158,3159,3209,3210,3291],{},[360,3079,3081,3102],{"className":3080},[363],[360,3082,3084],{"className":3083},[367],[369,3085,3086],{"xmlns":371},[373,3087,3088,3100],{},[376,3089,3090],{},[379,3091,3092,3094],{},[382,3093,2439],{},[376,3095,3096,3098],{},[382,3097,2444],{},[382,3099,635],{},[404,3101,2449],{"encoding":406},[360,3103,3105],{"className":3104,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3106,3108,3111],{"className":3107},[416],[360,3109],{"className":3110,"style":2459},[420],[360,3112,3114,3117],{"className":3113},[425],[360,3115,2439],{"className":3116,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,3118,3120],{"className":3119},[434],[360,3121,3123,3146],{"className":3122},[438,439],[360,3124,3126,3143],{"className":3125},[443],[360,3127,3129],{"className":3128,"style":523},[447],[360,3130,3131,3134],{"style":2481},[360,3132],{"className":3133,"style":456},[455],[360,3135,3137],{"className":3136},[460,461,462,463],[360,3138,3140],{"className":3139},[425,463],[360,3141,2494],{"className":3142},[425,429,463],[360,3144,477],{"className":3145},[476],[360,3147,3149],{"className":3148},[443],[360,3150,3152],{"className":3151,"style":1234},[447],[360,3153],{}," ",[255,3156,3157],{},"(Short-circuit current): 短路电流","。即当电压 ",[360,3160,3162,3179],{"className":3161},[363],[360,3163,3165],{"className":3164},[367],[369,3166,3167],{"xmlns":371},[373,3168,3169,3177],{},[376,3170,3171,3173,3175],{},[382,3172,2377],{},[393,3174,625],{},[644,3176,2382],{},[404,3178,2385],{"encoding":406},[360,3180,3182,3200],{"className":3181,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3183,3185,3188,3191,3194,3197],{"className":3184},[416],[360,3186],{"className":3187,"style":2395},[420],[360,3189,2377],{"className":3190,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,3192],{"className":3193,"style":491},[490],[360,3195,625],{"className":3196},[495],[360,3198],{"className":3199,"style":491},[490],[360,3201,3203,3206],{"className":3202},[416],[360,3204],{"className":3205,"style":2415},[420],[360,3207,2382],{"className":3208},[425]," 时流过的电流（对应图中曲线与 Y 轴的交点，值为 ",[360,3211,3213,3236],{"className":3212},[363],[360,3214,3216],{"className":3215},[367],[369,3217,3218],{"xmlns":371},[373,3219,3220,3234],{},[376,3221,3222,3224],{},[393,3223,1579],{},[379,3225,3226,3228],{},[382,3227,2439],{},[376,3229,3230,3232],{},[382,3231,2444],{},[382,3233,635],{},[404,3235,3008],{"encoding":406},[360,3237,3239],{"className":3238,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3240,3242,3245,3248],{"className":3241},[416],[360,3243],{"className":3244,"style":2459},[420],[360,3246,1579],{"className":3247},[425],[360,3249,3251,3254],{"className":3250},[425],[360,3252,2439],{"className":3253,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,3255,3257],{"className":3256},[434],[360,3258,3260,3283],{"className":3259},[438,439],[360,3261,3263,3280],{"className":3262},[443],[360,3264,3266],{"className":3265,"style":523},[447],[360,3267,3268,3271],{"style":2481},[360,3269],{"className":3270,"style":456},[455],[360,3272,3274],{"className":3273},[460,461,462,463],[360,3275,3277],{"className":3276},[425,463],[360,3278,2494],{"className":3279},[425,429,463],[360,3281,477],{"className":3282},[476],[360,3284,3286],{"className":3285},[443],[360,3287,3289],{"className":3288,"style":1234},[447],[360,3290],{},"）。它主要取决于光照强度和材料的吸光能力。",[234,3293,3294,3154,3374,3377,3378,3429],{},[360,3295,3297,3320],{"className":3296},[363],[360,3298,3300],{"className":3299},[367],[369,3301,3302],{"xmlns":371},[373,3303,3304,3317],{},[376,3305,3306],{},[379,3307,3308,3310],{},[382,3309,2377],{},[376,3311,3312,3315],{},[382,3313,3314],{},"o",[382,3316,635],{},[404,3318,3319],{"encoding":406},"V_{oc}",[360,3321,3323],{"className":3322,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3324,3326,3329],{"className":3325},[416],[360,3327],{"className":3328,"style":2459},[420],[360,3330,3332,3335],{"className":3331},[425],[360,3333,2377],{"className":3334,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,3336,3338],{"className":3337},[434],[360,3339,3341,3366],{"className":3340},[438,439],[360,3342,3344,3363],{"className":3343},[443],[360,3345,3347],{"className":3346,"style":523},[447],[360,3348,3350,3353],{"style":3349},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.2222em;margin-right:0.05em;",[360,3351],{"className":3352,"style":456},[455],[360,3354,3356],{"className":3355},[460,461,462,463],[360,3357,3359],{"className":3358},[425,463],[360,3360,3362],{"className":3361},[425,429,463],"oc",[360,3364,477],{"className":3365},[476],[360,3367,3369],{"className":3368},[443],[360,3370,3372],{"className":3371,"style":1234},[447],[360,3373],{},[255,3375,3376],{},"(Open-circuit voltage): 开路电压","。即当电流 ",[360,3379,3381,3399],{"className":3380},[363],[360,3382,3384],{"className":3383},[367],[369,3385,3386],{"xmlns":371},[373,3387,3388,3396],{},[376,3389,3390,3392,3394],{},[382,3391,2439],{},[393,3393,625],{},[644,3395,2382],{},[404,3397,3398],{"encoding":406},"I=0",[360,3400,3402,3420],{"className":3401,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3403,3405,3408,3411,3414,3417],{"className":3404},[416],[360,3406],{"className":3407,"style":2395},[420],[360,3409,2439],{"className":3410,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,3412],{"className":3413,"style":491},[490],[360,3415,625],{"className":3416},[495],[360,3418],{"className":3419,"style":491},[490],[360,3421,3423,3426],{"className":3422},[416],[360,3424],{"className":3425,"style":2415},[420],[360,3427,2382],{"className":3428},[425]," 时电池两端的电压（对应图中曲线与 X 轴的交点）。这是太阳能电池如果不接负载时能产生的最大电压。",[234,3431,3432,3435,3516,3154,3519,3154,3595,3154,3598,3154,3626],{},[255,3433,3434],{},"总结：光照产生了一个恒定的光生电流 (",[360,3436,3438,3461],{"className":3437},[363],[360,3439,3441],{"className":3440},[367],[369,3442,3443],{"xmlns":371},[373,3444,3445,3459],{},[376,3446,3447,3449],{},[393,3448,1579],{},[379,3450,3451,3453],{},[382,3452,2439],{},[376,3454,3455,3457],{},[382,3456,2444],{},[382,3458,635],{},[404,3460,3008],{"encoding":406},[360,3462,3464],{"className":3463,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3465,3467,3470,3473],{"className":3466},[416],[360,3468],{"className":3469,"style":2459},[420],[360,3471,1579],{"className":3472},[425],[360,3474,3476,3479],{"className":3475},[425],[360,3477,2439],{"className":3478,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,3480,3482],{"className":3481},[434],[360,3483,3485,3508],{"className":3484},[438,439],[360,3486,3488,3505],{"className":3487},[443],[360,3489,3491],{"className":3490,"style":523},[447],[360,3492,3493,3496],{"style":2481},[360,3494],{"className":3495,"style":456},[455],[360,3497,3499],{"className":3498},[460,461,462,463],[360,3500,3502],{"className":3501},[425,463],[360,3503,2494],{"className":3504},[425,429,463],[360,3506,477],{"className":3507},[476],[360,3509,3511],{"className":3510},[443],[360,3512,3514],{"className":3513,"style":1234},[447],[360,3515],{},[255,3517,3518],{},")，这个电流叠加在普通的二极管 I-V 曲线上，使其向下平移，从而使器件具备了发电能力（在",[360,3520,3522,3543],{"className":3521},[363],[360,3523,3525],{"className":3524},[367],[369,3526,3527],{"xmlns":371},[373,3528,3529,3541],{},[376,3530,3531],{},[379,3532,3533,3535],{},[382,3534,2377],{},[376,3536,3537,3539],{},[382,3538,3314],{},[382,3540,635],{},[404,3542,3319],{"encoding":406},[360,3544,3546],{"className":3545,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3547,3549,3552],{"className":3548},[416],[360,3550],{"className":3551,"style":2459},[420],[360,3553,3555,3558],{"className":3554},[425],[360,3556,2377],{"className":3557,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,3559,3561],{"className":3560},[434],[360,3562,3564,3587],{"className":3563},[438,439],[360,3565,3567,3584],{"className":3566},[443],[360,3568,3570],{"className":3569,"style":523},[447],[360,3571,3572,3575],{"style":3349},[360,3573],{"className":3574,"style":456},[455],[360,3576,3578],{"className":3577},[460,461,462,463],[360,3579,3581],{"className":3580},[425,463],[360,3582,3362],{"className":3583},[425,429,463],[360,3585,477],{"className":3586},[476],[360,3588,3590],{"className":3589},[443],[360,3591,3593],{"className":3592,"style":1234},[447],[360,3594],{},[255,3596,3597],{},"和",[360,3599,3601,3614],{"className":3600},[363],[360,3602,3604],{"className":3603},[367],[369,3605,3606],{"xmlns":371},[373,3607,3608,3612],{},[376,3609,3610],{},[644,3611,2382],{},[404,3613,2382],{"encoding":406},[360,3615,3617],{"className":3616,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,3618,3620,3623],{"className":3619},[416],[360,3621],{"className":3622,"style":2415},[420],[360,3624,2382],{"className":3625},[425],[255,3627,3628],{},"之间工作时输出功率）",[243,3630,3631],{"id":3631},"太阳能电池的效率",[234,3633,3634],{},[260,3635],{"alt":262,"src":3636},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-11.png",[321,3638,3639],{},[251,3640,3641],{},"填充因子",[360,3643,3645],{"className":3644},[605],[360,3646,3648,3726],{"className":3647},[363],[360,3649,3651],{"className":3650},[367],[369,3652,3653],{"xmlns":371,"display":614},[373,3654,3655,3723],{},[376,3656,3657,3660,3662,3664,3672,3674],{},[382,3658,3659],{},"F",[382,3661,3659],{},[393,3663,625],{},[627,3665,3666,3669],{},[620,3667,3668],{},"实际最大功率",[620,3670,3671],{},"理论极限功率",[393,3673,625],{},[627,3675,3676,3699],{},[376,3677,3678,3680,3682,3685,3687],{},[393,3679,654],{"stretchy":653},[382,3681,2439],{},[393,3683,3684],{},"×",[382,3686,2377],{},[379,3688,3689,3691],{},[393,3690,663],{"stretchy":653},[376,3692,3693,3695,3697],{},[382,3694,660],{},[382,3696,1143],{},[382,3698,1146],{},[376,3700,3701,3711,3713],{},[379,3702,3703,3705],{},[382,3704,2439],{},[376,3706,3707,3709],{},[382,3708,2444],{},[382,3710,635],{},[393,3712,3684],{},[379,3714,3715,3717],{},[382,3716,2377],{},[376,3718,3719,3721],{},[382,3720,3314],{},[382,3722,635],{},[404,3724,3725],{"encoding":406},"FF = \\frac{\\text{实际最大功率}}{\\text{理论极限功率}} = \\frac{(I \\times V)_{max}}{I_{sc} \\times 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= \\frac{(I \\times V)_{\\text{max}}}{\\text{input solar 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和",[360,4584,4586,4607],{"className":4585},[363],[360,4587,4589],{"className":4588},[367],[369,4590,4591],{"xmlns":371},[373,4592,4593,4605],{},[376,4594,4595],{},[379,4596,4597,4599],{},[382,4598,2377],{},[376,4600,4601,4603],{},[382,4602,3314],{},[382,4604,635],{},[404,4606,3319],{"encoding":406},[360,4608,4610],{"className":4609,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,4611,4613,4616],{"className":4612},[416],[360,4614],{"className":4615,"style":2459},[420],[360,4617,4619,4622],{"className":4618},[425],[360,4620,2377],{"className":4621,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,4623,4625],{"className":4624},[434],[360,4626,4628,4651],{"className":4627},[438,439],[360,4629,4631,4648],{"className":4630},[443],[360,4632,4634],{"className":4633,"style":523},[447],[360,4635,4636,4639],{"style":3349},[360,4637],{"className":4638,"style":456},[455],[360,4640,4642],{"className":4641},[460,461,462,463],[360,4643,4645],{"className":4644},[425,463],[360,4646,3362],{"className":4647},[425,429,463],[360,4649,477],{"className":4650},[476],[360,4652,4654],{"className":4653},[443],[360,4655,4657],{"className":4656,"style":1234},[447],[360,4658],{}," 推导",[231,4661,4662],{},[234,4663,4664],{},"这里的推导和PN结很像，应该不会考，直接给出结论",[321,4666,4667,5003],{},[251,4668,4669,4827],{},[360,4670,4672,4711],{"className":4671},[363],[360,4673,4675],{"className":4674},[367],[369,4676,4677],{"xmlns":371},[373,4678,4679,4708],{},[376,4680,4681,4691,4693,4696,4698,4705],{},[379,4682,4683,4685],{},[382,4684,2439],{},[376,4686,4687,4689],{},[382,4688,2444],{},[382,4690,635],{},[393,4692,625],{},[382,4694,4695],{},"A",[382,4697,2547],{},[379,4699,4700,4703],{},[382,4701,4702],{},"L",[382,4704,234],{},[382,4706,4707],{},"G",[404,4709,4710],{"encoding":406},"I_{sc} = A q L_p G",[360,4712,4714,4772],{"className":4713,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,4715,4717,4720,4763,4766,4769],{"className":4716},[416],[360,4718],{"className":4719,"style":2459},[420],[360,4721,4723,4726],{"className":4722},[425],[360,4724,2439],{"className":4725,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,4727,4729],{"className":4728},[434],[360,4730,4732,4755],{"className":4731},[438,439],[360,4733,4735,4752],{"className":4734},[443],[360,4736,4738],{"className":4737,"style":523},[447],[360,4739,4740,4743],{"style":2481},[360,4741],{"className":4742,"style":456},[455],[360,4744,4746],{"className":4745},[460,461,462,463],[360,4747,4749],{"className":4748},[425,463],[360,4750,2494],{"className":4751},[425,429,463],[360,4753,477],{"className":4754},[476],[360,4756,4758],{"className":4757},[443],[360,4759,4761],{"className":4760,"style":1234},[447],[360,4762],{},[360,4764],{"className":4765,"style":491},[490],[360,4767,625],{"className":4768},[495],[360,4770],{"className":4771,"style":491},[490],[360,4773,4775,4778,4781,4784,4824],{"className":4774},[416],[360,4776],{"className":4777,"style":421},[420],[360,4779,4695],{"className":4780},[425,429],[360,4782,2547],{"className":4783,"style":535},[425,429],[360,4785,4787,4790],{"className":4786},[425],[360,4788,4702],{"className":4789},[425,429],[360,4791,4793],{"className":4792},[434],[360,4794,4796,4816],{"className":4795},[438,439],[360,4797,4799,4813],{"className":4798},[443],[360,4800,4802],{"className":4801,"style":523},[447],[360,4803,4804,4807],{"style":1208},[360,4805],{"className":4806,"style":456},[455],[360,4808,4810],{"className":4809},[460,461,462,463],[360,4811,234],{"className":4812},[425,429,463],[360,4814,477],{"className":4815},[476],[360,4817,4819],{"className":4818},[443],[360,4820,4822],{"className":4821,"style":484},[447],[360,4823],{},[360,4825,4707],{"className":4826},[425,429],[321,4828,4829,4860],{},[251,4830,4831,4859],{},[360,4832,4834,4847],{"className":4833},[363],[360,4835,4837],{"className":4836},[367],[369,4838,4839],{"xmlns":371},[373,4840,4841,4845],{},[376,4842,4843],{},[382,4844,4707],{},[404,4846,4707],{"encoding":406},[360,4848,4850],{"className":4849,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,4851,4853,4856],{"className":4852},[416],[360,4854],{"className":4855,"style":2395},[420],[360,4857,4707],{"className":4858},[425,429]," : 光生载流子产生率",[251,4861,4862,4932,4933,5002],{},[360,4863,4865,4883],{"className":4864},[363],[360,4866,4868],{"className":4867},[367],[369,4869,4870],{"xmlns":371},[373,4871,4872,4880],{},[376,4873,4874],{},[379,4875,4876,4878],{},[382,4877,4702],{},[382,4879,234],{},[404,4881,4882],{"encoding":406},"L_p",[360,4884,4886],{"className":4885,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,4887,4889,4892],{"className":4888},[416],[360,4890],{"className":4891,"style":421},[420],[360,4893,4895,4898],{"className":4894},[425],[360,4896,4702],{"className":4897},[425,429],[360,4899,4901],{"className":4900},[434],[360,4902,4904,4924],{"className":4903},[438,439],[360,4905,4907,4921],{"className":4906},[443],[360,4908,4910],{"className":4909,"style":523},[447],[360,4911,4912,4915],{"style":1208},[360,4913],{"className":4914,"style":456},[455],[360,4916,4918],{"className":4917},[460,461,462,463],[360,4919,234],{"className":4920},[425,429,463],[360,4922,477],{"className":4923},[476],[360,4925,4927],{"className":4926},[443],[360,4928,4930],{"className":4929,"style":484},[447],[360,4931],{},": 扩散长度\nG是不均匀的，材料的扩散长度 ",[360,4934,4936,4953],{"className":4935},[363],[360,4937,4939],{"className":4938},[367],[369,4940,4941],{"xmlns":371},[373,4942,4943,4951],{},[376,4944,4945],{},[379,4946,4947,4949],{},[382,4948,4702],{},[382,4950,234],{},[404,4952,4882],{"encoding":406},[360,4954,4956],{"className":4955,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,4957,4959,4962],{"className":4958},[416],[360,4960],{"className":4961,"style":421},[420],[360,4963,4965,4968],{"className":4964},[425],[360,4966,4702],{"className":4967},[425,429],[360,4969,4971],{"className":4970},[434],[360,4972,4974,4994],{"className":4973},[438,439],[360,4975,4977,4991],{"className":4976},[443],[360,4978,4980],{"className":4979,"style":523},[447],[360,4981,4982,4985],{"style":1208},[360,4983],{"className":4984,"style":456},[455],[360,4986,4988],{"className":4987},[460,461,462,463],[360,4989,234],{"className":4990},[425,429,463],[360,4992,477],{"className":4993},[476],[360,4995,4997],{"className":4996},[443],[360,4998,5000],{"className":4999,"style":484},[447],[360,5001],{}," 必须足够大（大于光的穿透深度），这样光生载流子才能在死掉（复合）之前跑到 PN 结被收集起来。",[251,5004,5005,5468],{},[360,5006,5008,5087],{"className":5007},[363],[360,5009,5011],{"className":5010},[367],[369,5012,5013],{"xmlns":371},[373,5014,5015,5084],{},[376,5016,5017,5027,5029,5039,5042,5045],{},[379,5018,5019,5021],{},[382,5020,2377],{},[376,5022,5023,5025],{},[382,5024,3314],{},[382,5026,635],{},[393,5028,625],{},[627,5030,5031,5037],{},[376,5032,5033,5035],{},[382,5034,2554],{},[382,5036,2557],{},[382,5038,2547],{},[382,5040,5041],{},"ln",[393,5043,5044],{},"⁡",[376,5046,5047,5049,5082],{},[393,5048,654],{"fence":412},[627,5050,5051,5070],{},[376,5052,5053,5060,5062],{},[379,5054,5055,5058],{},[382,5056,5057],{},"τ",[382,5059,234],{},[382,5061,4707],{},[379,5063,5064,5067],{},[382,5065,5066],{},"N",[382,5068,5069],{},"d",[5071,5072,5073,5076,5079],"msubsup",{},[382,5074,5075],{},"n",[382,5077,5078],{},"i",[644,5080,5081],{},"2",[393,5083,663],{"fence":412},[404,5085,5086],{"encoding":406},"V_{oc} = \\frac{kT}{q} \\ln\\left(\\frac{\\tau_p G N_d}{n_i^2}\\right)",[360,5088,5090,5148],{"className":5089,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5091,5093,5096,5139,5142,5145],{"className":5092},[416],[360,5094],{"className":5095,"style":2459},[420],[360,5097,5099,5102],{"className":5098},[425],[360,5100,2377],{"className":5101,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,5103,5105],{"className":5104},[434],[360,5106,5108,5131],{"className":5107},[438,439],[360,5109,5111,5128],{"className":5110},[443],[360,5112,5114],{"className":5113,"style":523},[447],[360,5115,5116,5119],{"style":3349},[360,5117],{"className":5118,"style":456},[455],[360,5120,5122],{"className":5121},[460,461,462,463],[360,5123,5125],{"className":5124},[425,463],[360,5126,3362],{"className":5127},[425,429,463],[360,5129,477],{"className":5130},[476],[360,5132,5134],{"className":5133},[443],[360,5135,5137],{"className":5136,"style":1234},[447],[360,5138],{},[360,5140],{"className":5141,"style":491},[490],[360,5143,625],{"className":5144},[495],[360,5146],{"className":5147,"style":491},[490],[360,5149,5151,5155,5227,5231,5235,5238],{"className":5150},[416],[360,5152],{"className":5153,"style":5154},[420],"height:1.8em;vertical-align:-0.65em;",[360,5156,5158,5161,5224],{"className":5157},[425],[360,5159],{"className":5160},[706,707],[360,5162,5164],{"className":5163},[627],[360,5165,5167,5215],{"className":5166},[438,439],[360,5168,5170,5212],{"className":5169},[443],[360,5171,5173,5187,5195],{"className":5172,"style":1006},[447],[360,5174,5175,5178],{"style":1009},[360,5176],{"className":5177,"style":727},[455],[360,5179,5181],{"className":5180},[460,461,462,463],[360,5182,5184],{"className":5183},[425,463],[360,5185,2547],{"className":5186,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,5188,5189,5192],{"style":736},[360,5190],{"className":5191,"style":727},[455],[360,5193],{"className":5194,"style":744},[743],[360,5196,5197,5200],{"style":1032},[360,5198],{"className":5199,"style":727},[455],[360,5201,5203],{"className":5202},[460,461,462,463],[360,5204,5206,5209],{"className":5205},[425,463],[360,5207,2554],{"className":5208,"style":2693},[425,429,463],[360,5210,2557],{"className":5211,"style":2697},[425,429,463],[360,5213,477],{"className":5214},[476],[360,5216,5218],{"className":5217},[443],[360,5219,5222],{"className":5220,"style":5221},[447],"height:0.4811em;",[360,5223],{},[360,5225],{"className":5226},[775,707],[360,5228],{"className":5229,"style":5230},[490],"margin-right:0.1667em;",[360,5232,5041],{"className":5233},[5234],"mop",[360,5236],{"className":5237,"style":5230},[490],[360,5239,5242,5252,5462],{"className":5240},[5241],"minner",[360,5243,5247],{"className":5244,"style":5246},[706,5245],"delimcenter","top:0em;",[360,5248,654],{"className":5249},[5250,5251],"delimsizing","size2",[360,5253,5255,5258,5459],{"className":5254},[425],[360,5256],{"className":5257},[706,707],[360,5259,5261],{"className":5260},[627],[360,5262,5264,5450],{"className":5263},[438,439],[360,5265,5267,5447],{"className":5266},[443],[360,5268,5271,5338,5346],{"className":5269,"style":5270},[447],"height:0.9857em;",[360,5272,5274,5277],{"style":5273},"top:-2.6264em;",[360,5275],{"className":5276,"style":727},[455],[360,5278,5280],{"className":5279},[460,461,462,463],[360,5281,5283],{"className":5282},[425,463],[360,5284,5286,5289],{"className":5285},[425,463],[360,5287,5075],{"className":5288},[425,429,463],[360,5290,5292],{"className":5291},[434],[360,5293,5295,5329],{"className":5294},[438,439],[360,5296,5298,5326],{"className":5297},[443],[360,5299,5302,5314],{"className":5300,"style":5301},[447],"height:0.8051em;",[360,5303,5305,5308],{"style":5304},"top:-2.1777em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.0714em;",[360,5306],{"className":5307,"style":1307},[455],[360,5309,5311],{"className":5310},[460,1311,1312,463],[360,5312,5078],{"className":5313},[425,429,463],[360,5315,5317,5320],{"style":5316},"top:-2.8448em;margin-right:0.0714em;",[360,5318],{"className":5319,"style":1307},[455],[360,5321,5323],{"className":5322},[460,1311,1312,463],[360,5324,5081],{"className":5325},[425,463],[360,5327,477],{"className":5328},[476],[360,5330,5332],{"className":5331},[443],[360,5333,5336],{"className":5334,"style":5335},[447],"height:0.3223em;",[360,5337],{},[360,5339,5340,5343],{"style":736},[360,5341],{"className":5342,"style":727},[455],[360,5344],{"className":5345,"style":744},[743],[360,5347,5349,5352],{"style":5348},"top:-3.5073em;",[360,5350],{"className":5351,"style":727},[455],[360,5353,5355],{"className":5354},[460,461,462,463],[360,5356,5358,5400,5403],{"className":5357},[425,463],[360,5359,5361,5365],{"className":5360},[425,463],[360,5362,5057],{"className":5363,"style":5364},[425,429,463],"margin-right:0.1132em;",[360,5366,5368],{"className":5367},[434],[360,5369,5371,5392],{"className":5370},[438,439],[360,5372,5374,5389],{"className":5373},[443],[360,5375,5377],{"className":5376,"style":1300},[447],[360,5378,5380,5383],{"style":5379},"top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.1132em;margin-right:0.0714em;",[360,5381],{"className":5382,"style":1307},[455],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少子寿命",[591,5546,5548],{"type":5547},"question",[234,5549,5550,3154,5553,5629],{},[255,5551,5552],{},"如何提高",[360,5554,5556,5577],{"className":5555},[363],[360,5557,5559],{"className":5558},[367],[369,5560,5561],{"xmlns":371},[373,5562,5563,5575],{},[376,5564,5565],{},[379,5566,5567,5569],{},[382,5568,2377],{},[376,5570,5571,5573],{},[382,5572,3314],{},[382,5574,635],{},[404,5576,3319],{"encoding":406},[360,5578,5580],{"className":5579,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5581,5583,5586],{"className":5582},[416],[360,5584],{"className":5585,"style":2459},[420],[360,5587,5589,5592],{"className":5588},[425],[360,5590,2377],{"className":5591,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,5593,5595],{"className":5594},[434],[360,5596,5598,5621],{"className":5597},[438,439],[360,5599,5601,5618],{"className":5600},[443],[360,5602,5604],{"className":5603,"style":523},[447],[360,5605,5606,5609],{"style":3349},[360,5607],{"className":5608,"style":456},[455],[360,5610,5612],{"className":5611},[460,461,462,463],[360,5613,5615],{"className":5614},[425,463],[360,5616,3362],{"className":5617},[425,429,463],[360,5619,477],{"className":5620},[476],[360,5622,5624],{"className":5623},[443],[360,5625,5627],{"className":5626,"style":1234},[447],[360,5628],{},[255,5630,5631],{},"？",[248,5633,5634,5668,5744,5818],{},[251,5635,5636,3154,5639,5667],{},[255,5637,5638],{},"增加",[360,5640,5642,5655],{"className":5641},[363],[360,5643,5645],{"className":5644},[367],[369,5646,5647],{"xmlns":371},[373,5648,5649,5653],{},[376,5650,5651],{},[382,5652,4707],{},[404,5654,4707],{"encoding":406},[360,5656,5658],{"className":5657,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5659,5661,5664],{"className":5660},[416],[360,5662],{"className":5663,"style":2395},[420],[360,5665,4707],{"className":5666},[425,429],"：光照越强，电压越高（对数增长）。",[251,5669,5670,3154,5672,5743],{},[255,5671,5638],{},[360,5673,5675,5693],{"className":5674},[363],[360,5676,5678],{"className":5677},[367],[369,5679,5680],{"xmlns":371},[373,5681,5682,5690],{},[376,5683,5684],{},[379,5685,5686,5688],{},[382,5687,5066],{},[382,5689,5069],{},[404,5691,5692],{"encoding":406},"N_d",[360,5694,5696],{"className":5695,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5697,5699,5702],{"className":5698},[416],[360,5700],{"className":5701,"style":2459},[420],[360,5703,5705,5708],{"className":5704},[425],[360,5706,5066],{"className":5707,"style":5409},[425,429],[360,5709,5711],{"className":5710},[434],[360,5712,5714,5735],{"className":5713},[438,439],[360,5715,5717,5732],{"className":5716},[443],[360,5718,5720],{"className":5719,"style":448},[447],[360,5721,5723,5726],{"style":5722},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.109em;margin-right:0.05em;",[360,5724],{"className":5725,"style":456},[455],[360,5727,5729],{"className":5728},[460,461,462,463],[360,5730,5069],{"className":5731},[425,429,463],[360,5733,477],{"className":5734},[476],[360,5736,5738],{"className":5737},[443],[360,5739,5741],{"className":5740,"style":1234},[447],[360,5742],{},"：提高掺杂浓度。",[251,5745,5746,3154,5748,5817],{},[255,5747,5638],{},[360,5749,5751,5768],{"className":5750},[363],[360,5752,5754],{"className":5753},[367],[369,5755,5756],{"xmlns":371},[373,5757,5758,5766],{},[376,5759,5760],{},[379,5761,5762,5764],{},[382,5763,5057],{},[382,5765,234],{},[404,5767,5492],{"encoding":406},[360,5769,5771],{"className":5770,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5772,5774,5777],{"className":5773},[416],[360,5775],{"className":5776,"style":5502},[420],[360,5778,5780,5783],{"className":5779},[425],[360,5781,5057],{"className":5782,"style":5364},[425,429],[360,5784,5786],{"className":5785},[434],[360,5787,5789,5809],{"className":5788},[438,439],[360,5790,5792,5806],{"className":5791},[443],[360,5793,5795],{"className":5794,"style":523},[447],[360,5796,5797,5800],{"style":5523},[360,5798],{"className":5799,"style":456},[455],[360,5801,5803],{"className":5802},[460,461,462,463],[360,5804,234],{"className":5805},[425,429,463],[360,5807,477],{"className":5808},[476],[360,5810,5812],{"className":5811},[443],[360,5813,5815],{"className":5814,"style":484},[447],[360,5816],{},"：提高少子寿命（即提高材料质量，减少缺陷）。",[251,5819,5820,3154,5823,5895,5896,5965,5966,6035,6036,6105],{},[255,5821,5822],{},"减小",[360,5824,5826,5844],{"className":5825},[363],[360,5827,5829],{"className":5828},[367],[369,5830,5831],{"xmlns":371},[373,5832,5833,5841],{},[376,5834,5835],{},[379,5836,5837,5839],{},[382,5838,5075],{},[382,5840,5078],{},[404,5842,5843],{"encoding":406},"n_i",[360,5845,5847],{"className":5846,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5848,5850,5854],{"className":5849},[416],[360,5851],{"className":5852,"style":5853},[420],"height:0.5806em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[360,5855,5857,5860],{"className":5856},[425],[360,5858,5075],{"className":5859},[425,429],[360,5861,5863],{"className":5862},[434],[360,5864,5866,5887],{"className":5865},[438,439],[360,5867,5869,5884],{"className":5868},[443],[360,5870,5873],{"className":5871,"style":5872},[447],"height:0.3117em;",[360,5874,5875,5878],{"style":1208},[360,5876],{"className":5877,"style":456},[455],[360,5879,5881],{"className":5880},[460,461,462,463],[360,5882,5078],{"className":5883},[425,429,463],[360,5885,477],{"className":5886},[476],[360,5888,5890],{"className":5889},[443],[360,5891,5893],{"className":5892,"style":1234},[447],[360,5894],{},"：这通常意味着使用禁带宽度 (",[360,5897,5899,5916],{"className":5898},[363],[360,5900,5902],{"className":5901},[367],[369,5903,5904],{"xmlns":371},[373,5905,5906,5914],{},[376,5907,5908],{},[379,5909,5910,5912],{},[382,5911,384],{},[382,5913,402],{},[404,5915,894],{"encoding":406},[360,5917,5919],{"className":5918,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5920,5922,5925],{"className":5921},[416],[360,5923],{"className":5924,"style":421},[420],[360,5926,5928,5931],{"className":5927},[425],[360,5929,384],{"className":5930,"style":430},[425,429],[360,5932,5934],{"className":5933},[434],[360,5935,5937,5957],{"className":5936},[438,439],[360,5938,5940,5954],{"className":5939},[443],[360,5941,5943],{"className":5942,"style":523},[447],[360,5944,5945,5948],{"style":451},[360,5946],{"className":5947,"style":456},[455],[360,5949,5951],{"className":5950},[460,461,462,463],[360,5952,402],{"className":5953,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,5955,477],{"className":5956},[476],[360,5958,5960],{"className":5959},[443],[360,5961,5963],{"className":5962,"style":484},[447],[360,5964],{},") 更大的材料（因为 ",[360,5967,5969,5986],{"className":5968},[363],[360,5970,5972],{"className":5971},[367],[369,5973,5974],{"xmlns":371},[373,5975,5976,5984],{},[376,5977,5978],{},[379,5979,5980,5982],{},[382,5981,5075],{},[382,5983,5078],{},[404,5985,5843],{"encoding":406},[360,5987,5989],{"className":5988,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,5990,5992,5995],{"className":5991},[416],[360,5993],{"className":5994,"style":5853},[420],[360,5996,5998,6001],{"className":5997},[425],[360,5999,5075],{"className":6000},[425,429],[360,6002,6004],{"className":6003},[434],[360,6005,6007,6027],{"className":6006},[438,439],[360,6008,6010,6024],{"className":6009},[443],[360,6011,6013],{"className":6012,"style":5872},[447],[360,6014,6015,6018],{"style":1208},[360,6016],{"className":6017,"style":456},[455],[360,6019,6021],{"className":6020},[460,461,462,463],[360,6022,5078],{"className":6023},[425,429,463],[360,6025,477],{"className":6026},[476],[360,6028,6030],{"className":6029},[443],[360,6031,6033],{"className":6032,"style":1234},[447],[360,6034],{}," 与 ",[360,6037,6039,6056],{"className":6038},[363],[360,6040,6042],{"className":6041},[367],[369,6043,6044],{"xmlns":371},[373,6045,6046,6054],{},[376,6047,6048],{},[379,6049,6050,6052],{},[382,6051,384],{},[382,6053,402],{},[404,6055,894],{"encoding":406},[360,6057,6059],{"className":6058,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6060,6062,6065],{"className":6061},[416],[360,6063],{"className":6064,"style":421},[420],[360,6066,6068,6071],{"className":6067},[425],[360,6069,384],{"className":6070,"style":430},[425,429],[360,6072,6074],{"className":6073},[434],[360,6075,6077,6097],{"className":6076},[438,439],[360,6078,6080,6094],{"className":6079},[443],[360,6081,6083],{"className":6082,"style":523},[447],[360,6084,6085,6088],{"style":451},[360,6086],{"className":6087,"style":456},[455],[360,6089,6091],{"className":6090},[460,461,462,463],[360,6092,402],{"className":6093,"style":535},[425,429,463],[360,6095,477],{"className":6096},[476],[360,6098,6100],{"className":6099},[443],[360,6101,6103],{"className":6102,"style":484},[447],[360,6104],{}," 呈指数反比关系）。\n::",[243,6107,6108],{"id":6108},"小结",[248,6110,6111,6117],{},[251,6112,6113,6116],{},[255,6114,6115],{},"硅太阳能电池","目前以 15-20% 的效率占据市场主导地位。",[251,6118,6119,6122,6123,6162,6163,6201],{},[255,6120,6121],{},"理论上","，当禁带宽度在 ",[360,6124,6126,6144],{"className":6125},[363],[360,6127,6129],{"className":6128},[367],[369,6130,6131],{"xmlns":371},[373,6132,6133,6141],{},[376,6134,6135,6138],{},[644,6136,6137],{},"1.2",[620,6139,6140],{}," eV",[404,6142,6143],{"encoding":406},"1.2 \\text{ eV}",[360,6145,6147],{"className":6146,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6148,6150,6153,6156],{"className":6149},[416],[360,6151],{"className":6152,"style":2395},[420],[360,6154,6137],{"className":6155},[425],[360,6157,6159],{"className":6158},[425,680],[360,6160,6140],{"className":6161},[425]," 到 ",[360,6164,6166,6183],{"className":6165},[363],[360,6167,6169],{"className":6168},[367],[369,6170,6171],{"xmlns":371},[373,6172,6173,6180],{},[376,6174,6175,6178],{},[644,6176,6177],{},"1.9",[620,6179,6140],{},[404,6181,6182],{"encoding":406},"1.9 \\text{ eV}",[360,6184,6186],{"className":6185,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6187,6189,6192,6195],{"className":6188},[416],[360,6190],{"className":6191,"style":2395},[420],[360,6193,6177],{"className":6194},[425],[360,6196,6198],{"className":6197},[425,680],[360,6199,6140],{"className":6200},[425]," 之间时，可以获得最高效率（约 24%）。",[321,6203,6204,6527],{},[251,6205,6206,6207,6278,6279,6355,6356,6456,6457,6526],{},"禁带宽度 (",[360,6208,6210,6228],{"className":6209},[363],[360,6211,6213],{"className":6212},[367],[369,6214,6215],{"xmlns":371},[373,6216,6217,6225],{},[376,6218,6219],{},[379,6220,6221,6223],{},[382,6222,384],{},[382,6224,4707],{},[404,6226,6227],{"encoding":406},"E_G",[360,6229,6231],{"className":6230,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6232,6234,6237],{"className":6233},[416],[360,6235],{"className":6236,"style":2459},[420],[360,6238,6240,6243],{"className":6239},[425],[360,6241,384],{"className":6242,"style":430},[425,429],[360,6244,6246],{"className":6245},[434],[360,6247,6249,6270],{"className":6248},[438,439],[360,6250,6252,6267],{"className":6251},[443],[360,6253,6256],{"className":6254,"style":6255},[447],"height:0.3283em;",[360,6257,6258,6261],{"style":451},[360,6259],{"className":6260,"style":456},[455],[360,6262,6264],{"className":6263},[460,461,462,463],[360,6265,4707],{"className":6266},[425,429,463],[360,6268,477],{"className":6269},[476],[360,6271,6273],{"className":6272},[443],[360,6274,6276],{"className":6275,"style":1234},[447],[360,6277],{},") 过大：会导致光吸收率过低，从而使短路电流 (",[360,6280,6282,6303],{"className":6281},[363],[360,6283,6285],{"className":6284},[367],[369,6286,6287],{"xmlns":371},[373,6288,6289,6301],{},[376,6290,6291],{},[379,6292,6293,6295],{},[382,6294,2439],{},[376,6296,6297,6299],{},[382,6298,2444],{},[382,6300,635],{},[404,6302,2449],{"encoding":406},[360,6304,6306],{"className":6305,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6307,6309,6312],{"className":6308},[416],[360,6310],{"className":6311,"style":2459},[420],[360,6313,6315,6318],{"className":6314},[425],[360,6316,2439],{"className":6317,"style":2466},[425,429],[360,6319,6321],{"className":6320},[434],[360,6322,6324,6347],{"className":6323},[438,439],[360,6325,6327,6344],{"className":6326},[443],[360,6328,6330],{"className":6329,"style":523},[447],[360,6331,6332,6335],{"style":2481},[360,6333],{"className":6334,"style":456},[455],[360,6336,6338],{"className":6337},[460,461,462,463],[360,6339,6341],{"className":6340},[425,463],[360,6342,2494],{"className":6343},[425,429,463],[360,6345,477],{"className":6346},[476],[360,6348,6350],{"className":6349},[443],[360,6351,6353],{"className":6352,"style":1234},[447],[360,6354],{},") 太小。\n原因：只有能量 ",[360,6357,6359,6384],{"className":6358},[363],[360,6360,6362],{"className":6361},[367],[369,6363,6364],{"xmlns":371},[373,6365,6366,6381],{},[376,6367,6368,6370,6373,6375],{},[382,6369,391],{},[382,6371,6372],{},"ν",[393,6374,395],{},[379,6376,6377,6379],{},[382,6378,384],{},[382,6380,4707],{},[404,6382,6383],{"encoding":406},"h\\nu > E_G",[360,6385,6387,6410],{"className":6386,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6388,6390,6394,6397,6401,6404,6407],{"className":6389},[416],[360,6391],{"className":6392,"style":6393},[420],"height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;",[360,6395,391],{"className":6396},[425,429],[360,6398,6372],{"className":6399,"style":6400},[425,429],"margin-right:0.0637em;",[360,6402],{"className":6403,"style":491},[490],[360,6405,395],{"className":6406},[495],[360,6408],{"className":6409,"style":491},[490],[360,6411,6413,6416],{"className":6412},[416],[360,6414],{"className":6415,"style":2459},[420],[360,6417,6419,6422],{"className":6418},[425],[360,6420,384],{"className":6421,"style":430},[425,429],[360,6423,6425],{"className":6424},[434],[360,6426,6428,6448],{"className":6427},[438,439],[360,6429,6431,6445],{"className":6430},[443],[360,6432,6434],{"className":6433,"style":6255},[447],[360,6435,6436,6439],{"style":451},[360,6437],{"className":6438,"style":456},[455],[360,6440,6442],{"className":6441},[460,461,462,463],[360,6443,4707],{"className":6444},[425,429,463],[360,6446,477],{"className":6447},[476],[360,6449,6451],{"className":6450},[443],[360,6452,6454],{"className":6453,"style":1234},[447],[360,6455],{}," 的光子才能被吸收。如果",[360,6458,6460,6477],{"className":6459},[363],[360,6461,6463],{"className":6462},[367],[369,6464,6465],{"xmlns":371},[373,6466,6467,6475],{},[376,6468,6469],{},[379,6470,6471,6473],{},[382,6472,384],{},[382,6474,4707],{},[404,6476,6227],{"encoding":406},[360,6478,6480],{"className":6479,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6481,6483,6486],{"className":6482},[416],[360,6484],{"className":6485,"style":2459},[420],[360,6487,6489,6492],{"className":6488},[425],[360,6490,384],{"className":6491,"style":430},[425,429],[360,6493,6495],{"className":6494},[434],[360,6496,6498,6518],{"className":6497},[438,439],[360,6499,6501,6515],{"className":6500},[443],[360,6502,6504],{"className":6503,"style":6255},[447],[360,6505,6506,6509],{"style":451},[360,6507],{"className":6508,"style":456},[455],[360,6510,6512],{"className":6511},[460,461,462,463],[360,6513,4707],{"className":6514},[425,429,463],[360,6516,477],{"className":6517},[476],[360,6519,6521],{"className":6520},[443],[360,6522,6524],{"className":6523,"style":1234},[447],[360,6525],{}," 太高，大部分太阳光（能量较低的部分）都无法被吸收，直接穿透过去了，导致光生电流很小。",[251,6528,6206,6529,6598,6599,6675,6676,6745,6746,6815,6816,6892],{},[360,6530,6532,6549],{"className":6531},[363],[360,6533,6535],{"className":6534},[367],[369,6536,6537],{"xmlns":371},[373,6538,6539,6547],{},[376,6540,6541],{},[379,6542,6543,6545],{},[382,6544,384],{},[382,6546,4707],{},[404,6548,6227],{"encoding":406},[360,6550,6552],{"className":6551,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6553,6555,6558],{"className":6554},[416],[360,6556],{"className":6557,"style":2459},[420],[360,6559,6561,6564],{"className":6560},[425],[360,6562,384],{"className":6563,"style":430},[425,429],[360,6565,6567],{"className":6566},[434],[360,6568,6570,6590],{"className":6569},[438,439],[360,6571,6573,6587],{"className":6572},[443],[360,6574,6576],{"className":6575,"style":6255},[447],[360,6577,6578,6581],{"style":451},[360,6579],{"className":6580,"style":456},[455],[360,6582,6584],{"className":6583},[460,461,462,463],[360,6585,4707],{"className":6586},[425,429,463],[360,6588,477],{"className":6589},[476],[360,6591,6593],{"className":6592},[443],[360,6594,6596],{"className":6595,"style":1234},[447],[360,6597],{},") 过小：会导致开路电压 (",[360,6600,6602,6623],{"className":6601},[363],[360,6603,6605],{"className":6604},[367],[369,6606,6607],{"xmlns":371},[373,6608,6609,6621],{},[376,6610,6611],{},[379,6612,6613,6615],{},[382,6614,2377],{},[376,6616,6617,6619],{},[382,6618,3314],{},[382,6620,635],{},[404,6622,3319],{"encoding":406},[360,6624,6626],{"className":6625,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6627,6629,6632],{"className":6628},[416],[360,6630],{"className":6631,"style":2459},[420],[360,6633,6635,6638],{"className":6634},[425],[360,6636,2377],{"className":6637,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,6639,6641],{"className":6640},[434],[360,6642,6644,6667],{"className":6643},[438,439],[360,6645,6647,6664],{"className":6646},[443],[360,6648,6650],{"className":6649,"style":523},[447],[360,6651,6652,6655],{"style":3349},[360,6653],{"className":6654,"style":456},[455],[360,6656,6658],{"className":6657},[460,461,462,463],[360,6659,6661],{"className":6660},[425,463],[360,6662,3362],{"className":6663},[425,429,463],[360,6665,477],{"className":6666},[476],[360,6668,6670],{"className":6669},[443],[360,6671,6673],{"className":6672,"style":1234},[447],[360,6674],{},") 太低。\n原因：",[360,6677,6679,6696],{"className":6678},[363],[360,6680,6682],{"className":6681},[367],[369,6683,6684],{"xmlns":371},[373,6685,6686,6694],{},[376,6687,6688],{},[379,6689,6690,6692],{},[382,6691,384],{},[382,6693,4707],{},[404,6695,6227],{"encoding":406},[360,6697,6699],{"className":6698,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6700,6702,6705],{"className":6701},[416],[360,6703],{"className":6704,"style":2459},[420],[360,6706,6708,6711],{"className":6707},[425],[360,6709,384],{"className":6710,"style":430},[425,429],[360,6712,6714],{"className":6713},[434],[360,6715,6717,6737],{"className":6716},[438,439],[360,6718,6720,6734],{"className":6719},[443],[360,6721,6723],{"className":6722,"style":6255},[447],[360,6724,6725,6728],{"style":451},[360,6726],{"className":6727,"style":456},[455],[360,6729,6731],{"className":6730},[460,461,462,463],[360,6732,4707],{"className":6733},[425,429,463],[360,6735,477],{"className":6736},[476],[360,6738,6740],{"className":6739},[443],[360,6741,6743],{"className":6742,"style":1234},[447],[360,6744],{},"小， ",[360,6747,6749,6766],{"className":6748},[363],[360,6750,6752],{"className":6751},[367],[369,6753,6754],{"xmlns":371},[373,6755,6756,6764],{},[376,6757,6758],{},[379,6759,6760,6762],{},[382,6761,5075],{},[382,6763,5078],{},[404,6765,5843],{"encoding":406},[360,6767,6769],{"className":6768,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6770,6772,6775],{"className":6771},[416],[360,6773],{"className":6774,"style":5853},[420],[360,6776,6778,6781],{"className":6777},[425],[360,6779,5075],{"className":6780},[425,429],[360,6782,6784],{"className":6783},[434],[360,6785,6787,6807],{"className":6786},[438,439],[360,6788,6790,6804],{"className":6789},[443],[360,6791,6793],{"className":6792,"style":5872},[447],[360,6794,6795,6798],{"style":1208},[360,6796],{"className":6797,"style":456},[455],[360,6799,6801],{"className":6800},[460,461,462,463],[360,6802,5078],{"className":6803},[425,429,463],[360,6805,477],{"className":6806},[476],[360,6808,6810],{"className":6809},[443],[360,6811,6813],{"className":6812,"style":1234},[447],[360,6814],{},"大，根据上述的式子，",[360,6817,6819,6840],{"className":6818},[363],[360,6820,6822],{"className":6821},[367],[369,6823,6824],{"xmlns":371},[373,6825,6826,6838],{},[376,6827,6828],{},[379,6829,6830,6832],{},[382,6831,2377],{},[376,6833,6834,6836],{},[382,6835,3314],{},[382,6837,635],{},[404,6839,3319],{"encoding":406},[360,6841,6843],{"className":6842,"ariaHidden":412},[411],[360,6844,6846,6849],{"className":6845},[416],[360,6847],{"className":6848,"style":2459},[420],[360,6850,6852,6855],{"className":6851},[425],[360,6853,2377],{"className":6854,"style":2399},[425,429],[360,6856,6858],{"className":6857},[434],[360,6859,6861,6884],{"className":6860},[438,439],[360,6862,6864,6881],{"className":6863},[443],[360,6865,6867],{"className":6866,"style":523},[447],[360,6868,6869,6872],{"style":3349},[360,6870],{"className":6871,"style":456},[455],[360,6873,6875],{"className":6874},[460,461,462,463],[360,6876,6878],{"className":6877},[425,463],[360,6879,3362],{"className":6880},[425,429,463],[360,6882,477],{"className":6883},[476],[360,6885,6887],{"className":6886},[443],[360,6888,6890],{"className":6889,"style":1234},[447],[360,6891],{},"小 。或者可以理解成，带隙越小，内建电势差就越小，导致输出电压上不去。虽然吸收的光多了，但每个电子携带的能量（电压）很低。",[248,6894,6895],{},[251,6896,6897,6900],{},[255,6898,6899],{},"叠层太阳能电池 (Tandem solar cells)"," 通过使用针对太阳光中短波长和长波长定制的大带隙和小带隙材料，可以获得 35% 的效率。",[238,6902,6904],{"id":6903},"太阳能光伏pv电池的四代技术-four-generations-of-solar-pv-cell","太阳能光伏（PV）电池的四代技术 | Four Generations of Solar PV Cell",[231,6906,6907],{},[234,6908,6909,6910,6913],{},"感觉这个",[255,6911,6912],{},"发展历程","了解就行吧",[234,6915,6916],{},[260,6917],{"alt":262,"src":6918},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-02.png",[231,6920,6921],{},[234,6922,6923],{},"翻译上述内容",[234,6925,6926],{},[255,6927,6928],{},"早期工作",[321,6930,6931,6934,6937,6943,6958,6973,6988],{},[251,6932,6933],{},"1839 年：发现阳光照射在固体材料上可以产生电流",[251,6935,6936],{},"1921 年：爱因斯坦因解释光伏（PV）效应而获得诺贝尔奖",[251,6938,6939,6940],{},"1941 年：第一块太阳能电池被发明\n",[255,6941,6942],{},"技术代际：",[251,6944,6945,6948],{},[255,6946,6947],{},"第一代（自 20 世纪 70 年代起）",[321,6949,6950],{},[251,6951,6952,6953],{},"晶体硅（Si）光伏技术\n",[321,6954,6955],{},[251,6956,6957],{},"单晶硅、多晶硅、（此处写作）多晶\u002F聚晶硅",[251,6959,6960,6963],{},[255,6961,6962],{},"第二代（自 20 世纪 80 年代中期起）",[321,6964,6965],{},[251,6966,6967,6968],{},"无机薄膜半导体\n",[321,6969,6970],{},[251,6971,6972],{},"非晶硅（a-Si）、多晶硅薄膜（poly-Si）、碲化镉（CdTe）、CIS\u002FCIGS（铜铟硒\u002F铜铟镓硒）、III-V 族化合物半导体",[251,6974,6975,6978],{},[255,6976,6977],{},"第三代（开始进入市场）",[321,6979,6980],{},[251,6981,6982,6983],{},"有机\u002F聚合物与纳米技术路线\n",[321,6984,6985],{},[251,6986,6987],{},"染料敏化、纳米晶\u002F量子点、给体-受体异质结",[251,6989,6990,6993],{},[255,6991,6992],{},"第四代（to come）",[321,6994,6995],{},[251,6996,6997],{},"从生物学汲取灵感",[243,6999,7001],{"id":7000},"主要光伏pv机理-major-pv-mechanisms",[255,7002,7003],{},"主要光伏（PV）机理 | Major PV Mechanisms",[234,7005,7006],{},[260,7007],{"alt":262,"src":7008},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-19.png",[231,7010,7011],{},[234,7012,7013],{},"翻译上面内容",[321,7015,7016,7061],{},[251,7017,7018,7019,7022,7023,7026,7027],{},"旧机理：半导体 ",[255,7020,7021],{},"P-N 结","（",[255,7024,7025],{},"第一代与第二代","）\n",[321,7028,7029,7043,7049,7055],{},[251,7030,7031,7032,7035,7036,7039,7040],{},"晶体硅 ",[255,7033,7034],{},"c-Si","、非晶硅 ",[255,7037,7038],{},"a-Si","、多晶硅 ",[255,7041,7042],{},"poly-Si",[251,7044,7045,7048],{},[255,7046,7047],{},"III-V"," 族化合物半导体",[251,7050,7051,7054],{},[255,7052,7053],{},"CdTe","（碲化镉）",[251,7056,7057,7060],{},[255,7058,7059],{},"CIS\u002FCIGS","（铜铟硒 \u002F 铜铟镓硒）",[251,7062,7063,7064,7022,7067,7026,7070],{},"新机理：",[255,7065,7066],{},"给体-受体（D-A）结",[255,7068,7069],{},"第三代——纳米技术",[321,7071,7072,7075],{},[251,7073,7074],{},"塑料、有机聚合物",[251,7076,7077],{},"分子（材料）",[243,7079,7081],{"id":7080},"第一代晶体硅si光伏电池","第一代：晶体硅（Si）光伏电池",[1501,7083,7085],{"id":7084},"块体晶圆型-vs-薄膜型光伏电池-bulk-vs-thin-film-pv-cells",[255,7086,7087],{},"块体\u002F晶圆型 vs 薄膜型光伏电池 | Bulk vs. Thin-Film PV Cells",[234,7089,7090],{},[260,7091],{"alt":262,"src":7092},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-09.png",[234,7094,7095,7098,7099,7102,7103,7106,7107,7110,7111,1808],{},[255,7096,7097],{},"块体晶圆型（Bulk Wafer）光伏电池","以一整片较厚的晶体",[255,7100,7101],{},"硅晶圆","为主体，在晶圆内部形成 P-N 结。光照进入硅体后产生电子-空穴对，由结区内建电场分离载流子，电流通过金属电极与外电路输出。它的典型特征是结构较厚、材料",[255,7104,7105],{},"用量较大","、工艺偏“",[255,7108,7109],{},"晶圆加工","”，整体技术成熟、",[255,7112,7113],{},"稳定性强",[234,7115,7116,7119,7120,7123,7124,7127,7128,7131,7132,7135],{},[255,7117,7118],{},"薄膜型（Thin-Film）光伏电池","不靠厚晶圆，而是把",[255,7121,7122],{},"功能材料一层层沉积在基底","上（如玻璃等），形成包括盖板、减反层、集电电极、P\u002FN 型半导体层和背电极等“层状堆叠”结构，同样依靠结区\u002F界面完成载流子分离并输出电流。它的典型特征是结构更",[255,7125,7126],{},"薄","、材料",[255,7129,7130],{},"用量更少","、可实现",[255,7133,7134],{},"大面积","与多种基底形态（更灵活），但不同薄膜体系在效率与稳定性上与晶圆硅路线各有取舍。",[1501,7137,7139],{"id":7138},"高效率硅太阳电池-high-efficiency-silicon-pv-cell","高效率硅太阳电池 | High-Efficiency Silicon PV Cell",[234,7141,7142,7143,7146],{},"为了把硅电池效率做高，需要同时从",[255,7144,7145],{},"光学吸收、载流子复合损失、以及电极遮挡\u002F电阻损失","三方面进行优化。",[234,7148,7149],{},[260,7150],{"alt":262,"src":7151},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-20.png",[248,7153,7154,7168,7178,7188],{},[251,7155,7156,7159,7160,7163,7164,7167],{},[255,7157,7158],{},"表面织构增强“陷光” | Texture surface design to enhance light trapping","\n上表面做成类似“倒金字塔（inverted pyramids）”的微结构。",[255,7161,7162],{},"作用","：让入射光在表面多次反射、路径变长，",[255,7165,7166],{},"减少反射、增加吸收","，等于“把光留在电池里更久”。",[251,7169,7170,7173,7174,7177],{},[255,7171,7172],{},"表面钝化 | Surface passivation","\n表面会有缺陷\u002F悬挂键，容易让电子-空穴复合，造成损失。通过在表面覆盖 ",[255,7175,7176],{},"氧化层\u002F钝化层","，减少表面复合，提升载流子寿命，从而提高电压与效率。",[251,7179,7180,7183,7184,7187],{},[255,7181,7182],{},"背接触减少遮挡损失 | Back contacts to prevent shading losses","\n传统电池正面有金属栅线，会遮住部分光（shading loss）。因此把电极尽量放到背面（rear contact \u002F back contact），",[255,7185,7186],{},"正面更干净","，能接收更多光。",[251,7189,7190],{},[255,7191,7192],{},"实验室最佳效率约 25% | Efficiency: best 25% (lab)",[243,7194,7196],{"id":7195},"第二代薄膜柔性光伏pv电池-2nd-generation-thin-filmflexible-pv","第二代：薄膜\u002F柔性光伏（PV）电池 | 2nd Generation: Thin-Film\u002FFlexible PV",[234,7198,7199],{},[260,7200],{"alt":262,"src":7201},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-08.png",[231,7203,7204],{},[234,7205,7206],{},"翻译如图",[234,7208,7209],{},[255,7210,7211],{},"成本、重量与柔性",[234,7213,7214,7215,7218],{},"用料更少（厚度 ",[255,7216,7217],{},"1–10 微米","）；可进行大面积制程；可用柔性\u002F可弯曲基底（玻璃、不锈钢或塑料）。",[234,7220,7221],{},[255,7222,7223],{},"材料（无机半导体）",[234,7225,7226],{},"非晶硅 a-Si、多晶硅 poly-Si、III-V 族（GeAs、InN）、碲化镉 CdTe、CIS\u002FCIGS（铜铟硒 \u002F 铜铟镓硒）",[234,7228,7229],{},[255,7230,7231],{},"制造工艺",[234,7233,7234],{},"物理气相沉积、化学气相沉积、电化学沉积、卷对卷印刷（roll-to-roll）",[234,7236,7237],{},[255,7238,7239],{},"市场",[234,7241,7242],{},"不仅进入传统市场（屋顶光伏），同时也创造新应用：建筑一体化产品，消费电子（手机等），一次性电子产品。",[1501,7244,7246],{"id":7245},"薄膜非晶硅光伏电池-thin-film-amorphous-silicon-pv-cell","薄膜非晶硅光伏电池 |Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon PV Cell",[234,7248,7249,7252,7253,7256],{},[255,7250,7251],{},"非晶硅薄膜电池","用",[255,7254,7255],{},"气体沉积薄膜","的方式减少对硅晶圆的依赖，从而降低成本、支持大面积\u002F柔性形态；代价是单结效率通常较低，但它在温度变化下的发电表现更稳定。",[234,7258,7259],{},[260,7260],{"alt":262,"src":7261},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-10.png",[231,7263,7264],{},[234,7265,7266],{},"翻译",[234,7268,7269],{},[255,7270,7271],{},"降低光伏成本的方法",[234,7273,7274,7275,7278,7279,7281],{},"以 ",[255,7276,7277],{},"SiH₄（硅烷）气体","作为硅源，不与半导体行业争夺",[255,7280,7101],{},"资源。",[234,7283,7284],{},[255,7285,7286],{},"特点",[321,7288,7289,7295],{},[251,7290,7291,7292],{},"缺点：光伏效率较低：单结电池通常只有 ",[255,7293,7294],{},"6%～8%",[251,7296,7297],{},"优点：对发热\u002F温度不太敏感：发电更稳定、更一致",[1501,7299,7301],{"id":7300},"硅太阳电池效率-silicon-cell-efficiency","硅太阳电池效率 | Silicon Cell Efficiency",[234,7303,7304],{},[260,7305],{"alt":262,"src":7306},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-13.png",[234,7308,7309,7310,7313,7314,1808],{},"上述表格把硅电池按材料分成三类：",[255,7311,7312],{},"单晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅。","整体效率大小关系是",[255,7315,7316],{},"单晶硅 > 多晶硅 > 非晶硅",[234,7318,7319,7322,7323,7326,7327,7330],{},[255,7320,7321],{},"实验室效率","通常来自小面积、工艺精细、材料质量高、测试与封装条件受控的样品，因此能逼近材料\u002F结构的上限。",[255,7324,7325],{},"量产效率","需要考虑：大面积均匀性、成本约束、缺陷与杂质控制难度、电极\u002F封装带来的额外损失、生产良率等，所以通常",[255,7328,7329],{},"低于","实验室记录。",[234,7332,7333],{},[260,7334],{"alt":262,"src":7335},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-15.png",[234,7337,7338,7341,7342,7345,7346,7349],{},[255,7339,7340],{},"在太阳光下","：太阳光包含大量近红外能量，而 ",[255,7343,7344],{},"c-Si（晶体硅）","的响应范围更宽，能延伸到",[255,7347,7348],{},"更长的近红外波段","，所以更适合做高效率的户外发电。",[234,7351,7352,7355,7356,7359,7360,7363],{},[255,7353,7354],{},"在室内光\u002F荧光灯下","：室内光谱更偏可见光、且与人眼亮度敏感区更接近；",[255,7357,7358],{},"a-Si（非晶硅）","的响应也更集中在可见光，因此在一些低照度\u002F室内供电的小功率场景（例如小型电子、计算器等）往往更更适合，但是它在标准太阳光下的",[255,7361,7362],{},"面积效率","不如晶体硅。",[1501,7365,7367],{"id":7366},"其他材料带隙与效率-other-materials-band-gap-efficiency","其他材料：带隙与效率 | Other Materials: Band-Gap & Efficiency",[234,7369,7370,7373,7374,7377,7378,7381,7382,7385],{},[255,7371,7372],{},"约 1.4 eV 的带隙","与太阳光谱强度最强的那部分光子的能量相匹配，而",[255,7375,7376],{},"硅","的带隙是 ",[255,7379,7380],{},"1.1 eV","，并非最优；但由于晶体质量高，仍能实现较高效率（",[255,7383,7384],{},"14–17%","），下面介绍其他材料的带隙和效率。",[234,7387,7388],{},[260,7389],{"alt":262,"src":7390},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-14.png",[231,7392,7393],{},[234,7394,7395],{},"纯了解吧，要考的话，scy吃粑粑",[234,7397,7398],{},[255,7399,7400],{},"砷化镓（GaAs）",[321,7402,7403,7410,7419,7424,7432,7438,7443,7449],{},[251,7404,7405,7406,7409],{},"带隙：",[255,7407,7408],{},"1.4 eV","（处在最优范围）",[251,7411,7412,7413,7416],{},"效率：",[255,7414,7415],{},">30%",[255,7417,7418],{},"碲化镉（Cadmium Telluride, CdTe）",[251,7420,7405,7421],{},[255,7422,7423],{},"1.5 eV",[251,7425,7412,7426,7429],{},[255,7427,7428],{},"8–10%",[255,7430,7431],{},"Cu(InGe)Se₂（铜铟锗硒，常见同族为 CIGS\u002FCIS 路线）",[251,7433,7434,7435],{},"带隙：可变 ",[255,7436,7437],{},"1.0–1.2 eV",[251,7439,7412,7440],{},[255,7441,7442],{},"9–11%",[251,7444,7445,7446],{},"抗辐照能力强\n",[255,7447,7448],{},"In₁₋ₓGaₓN（铟镓氮，可调组分合金）",[251,7450,7405,7451,7454],{},[255,7452,7453],{},"0.7–3.4 eV（可调）",[321,7455,7456],{},[251,7457,7458,7459,7462,7463,7466],{},"这意味着可以用",[255,7460,7461],{},"多层结构去吸收不同波长","的光，并且晶体结构",[255,7464,7465],{},"不会失配","（不容易出现晶格不匹配问题）",[1501,7468,7470],{"id":7469},"结结构-junction-structure","结结构 | Junction Structure",[562,7472,7473],{"style":564},[566,7474,7475],{},[569,7476,572,7477,572,7485],{"style":571},[574,7478,7480,572],{"style":7479},"width: 70.7%; text-align: center; border: none; padding: 0.3em; margin: 0;",[234,7481,7482],{},[260,7483],{"alt":262,"src":7484},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-17.png",[574,7486,7488,572],{"style":7487},"width: 29.3%; text-align: center; border: none; padding: 0.3em; margin: 0;",[234,7489,7490],{},[260,7491],{"alt":262,"src":7492},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-12.png",[248,7494,7495,7509,7522,7547],{},[251,7496,7497,7500,7501,7504,7505,7508],{},[255,7498,7499],{},"同质结（Homo-junction）","\n指",[255,7502,7503],{},"同一种半导体材料内部","形成的结（最典型就是同一块硅里做 p 区和 n 区形成 p–n 结）。",[255,7506,7507],{},"应用案例","：晶体硅（c-Si）太阳电池。",[251,7510,7511,7514,7515,7518,7519,7521],{},[255,7512,7513],{},"异质结（Hetero-junction）","\n指由",[255,7516,7517],{},"两种不同半导体材料","接触形成的结（材料不同，带隙\u002F能带结构不同）。",[255,7520,7507],{},"：CdS\u002FCdTe、CdS\u002FCIGS 太阳电池",[251,7523,7524,7527,7528,7531,7532,7535,7536,7539,7540,7543,7544,7546],{},[255,7525,7526],{},"p-i-n 与 n-i-p 结","\n在 p 与 n 之间加入一层",[255,7529,7530],{},"本征层 i（intrinsic）","，形成 ",[255,7533,7534],{},"p-i-n","；反过来沉积顺序也可以是 ",[255,7537,7538],{},"n-i-p","。这种结构在薄膜材料（尤其是 ",[255,7541,7542],{},"a-Si 非晶硅","）很常见：因为薄膜里缺陷多、载流子寿命短，用 i 层和较强内建电场来帮助光生载流子的产生，降低复合损失。",[255,7545,7507],{},"：非晶硅（a-Si）、多晶硅（poly-Si）太阳电池。",[251,7548,7549,7552,7553,7556,7557,7559],{},[255,7550,7551],{},"多结（Multi-junction）","\n把多个“子电池”",[255,7554,7555],{},"垂直叠层","，每一层用不同带隙材料，分别吸收太阳光谱的不同部分。（见上右图）。",[255,7558,7507],{},"：III-V、a-Si、CIS 太阳电池。",[234,7561,7562,7563,7566,7567,7570],{},"单结电池只能用一个带隙：要么吸不到低能光（",[255,7564,7565],{},"透过损失","），要么高能光多余能量变热（",[255,7568,7569],{},"热化损失","）。",[234,7572,7573,7574,7577],{},"多结通过分层吸收（",[255,7575,7576],{},"光谱分割","），能同时减少这两类损失，所以整体效率更高。",[1501,7579,7581],{"id":7580},"iii-v-族半导体光伏电池-iii-v-semiconductor-pv-cells","III-V 族半导体光伏电池 | III-V Semiconductor PV Cells",[234,7583,7584,7587,7588,7591,7592,7595],{},[255,7585,7586],{},"III-V 族半导体（如 GaAs、GaInP 等）太阳电池","的两种路线：",[255,7589,7590],{},"单结","与",[255,7593,7594],{},"多结（叠层）","。其中多结能更高效、但也更昂贵且对材料匹配要求更苛刻。",[234,7597,7598],{},[260,7599],{"alt":262,"src":7600},"\u002Fimg\u002FMicroelectronicDevices\u002FLecture8-06.png",{"title":7602,"searchDepth":7603,"depth":7603,"links":7604},"",4,[7605,7620,7631],{"id":240,"depth":7606,"text":241,"children":7607},2,[7608,7610,7611,7612,7613,7619],{"id":245,"depth":7609,"text":246},3,{"id":293,"depth":7609,"text":294},{"id":352,"depth":7609,"text":353},{"id":559,"depth":7609,"text":560},{"id":1493,"depth":7609,"text":1494,"children":7614},[7615,7617,7618],{"id":1503,"depth":7603,"text":7616},"核心物理概念 α\\alphaα",{"id":2201,"depth":7603,"text":2201},{"id":2231,"depth":7603,"text":2231},{"id":2267,"depth":7609,"text":2268},{"id":2337,"depth":7606,"text":2338,"children":7621},[7622,7627,7628,7630],{"id":2341,"depth":7609,"text":2341,"children":7623},[7624,7625,7626],{"id":2349,"depth":7603,"text":2350},{"id":2510,"depth":7603,"text":2511},{"id":3075,"depth":7603,"text":3075},{"id":3631,"depth":7609,"text":3631},{"id":4505,"depth":7609,"text":7629},"IscI_{sc}Isc​ 和VocV_{oc}Voc​ 推导",{"id":6108,"depth":7609,"text":6108},{"id":6903,"depth":7606,"text":6904,"children":7632},[7633,7634,7638],{"id":7000,"depth":7609,"text":7003},{"id":7080,"depth":7609,"text":7081,"children":7635},[7636,7637],{"id":7084,"depth":7603,"text":7087},{"id":7138,"depth":7603,"text":7139},{"id":7195,"depth":7609,"text":7196,"children":7639},[7640,7641,7642,7643,7644],{"id":7245,"depth":7603,"text":7246},{"id":7300,"depth":7603,"text":7301},{"id":7366,"depth":7603,"text":7367},{"id":7469,"depth":7603,"text":7470},{"id":7580,"depth":7603,"text":7581},[189],"基于 PN 结的光伏电池、太阳能电池 I-V 特性、太阳能光伏电池的四代技术","md",null,{"slots":7650},{},{"text":7652,"minutes":7653,"time":7654,"words":7655},"19 min read",18.84,1130400,3768,{"title":156,"description":7646},{"loc":155,"images":7658},[7659,7660,7661,7662,7663,7664,7665,7666,7667,7668,7669,7670,7671,7672,7673,7674,7675,7676,7677,7678],{"loc":263},{"loc":273},{"loc":290},{"loc":581},{"loc":589},{"loc":1499},{"loc":2346},{"loc":3636},{"loc":6918},{"loc":7008},{"loc":7092},{"loc":7151},{"loc":7201},{"loc":7261},{"loc":7306},{"loc":7335},{"loc":7390},{"loc":7484},{"loc":7492},{"loc":7600},[176,7680],"课程笔记","tech","F7QIDmsPJpfQc350wtQ7MoBDYjFD8udBivmP4FHL6uI",[7684,7685],{"title":151,"path":150,"stem":149,"date":152,"type":7681,"children":-1},{"title":161,"path":160,"stem":159,"date":162,"type":7681,"children":-1},1789011907154]