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19:39:00",{"text":60,"minutes":200,"time":201,"words":202},0.535,32100,107,{"stem":204,"path":205,"title":206,"date":207,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":208},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002FLecture10","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices\u002Flecture10","Lecture 10：从 MOS 电容到 MOSFET","2026-09-10 00:10:00",{"text":209,"minutes":210,"time":211,"words":212},"18 min read",17.615,1056900,3523,{"stem":214,"path":215,"title":216,"date":217,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":218},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002FLecture11","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices\u002Flecture11","Lecture 11：亚阈值效应与 MOSFET 尺寸缩放","2026-09-10 00:20:00",{"text":219,"minutes":220,"time":221,"words":222},"23 min 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00:50:00",{"text":21,"minutes":51,"time":52,"words":53},{"stem":340,"path":341,"title":342,"date":198,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":344},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F1.microelectronic-devices\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fmicroelectronic-devices","微电子器件",true,{"text":158,"minutes":345,"time":346,"words":347},3.055,183300,611,{"stem":349,"path":350,"title":351,"date":352,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":353},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F1.HistoryMetaCharacters","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fhistorymetacharacters","History & Meta Characters","2026-09-10 20:25:44",{"text":269,"minutes":354,"time":355,"words":356},9.36,561600,1872,{"stem":358,"path":359,"title":360,"date":361,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":362},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F1.ExamAutumn2223","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fpastexams\u002Fexamautumn2223","22-23 秋冬历年卷","2026-09-10 20:26:49",{"text":319,"minutes":363,"time":364,"words":365},20.295,1217700,4059,{"stem":367,"path":368,"title":369,"date":370,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":371},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F2.Exam2021","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fpastexams\u002Fexam2021","20-21 历年卷","2026-09-10 20:26:50",{"text":289,"minutes":290,"time":291,"words":292},{"stem":373,"path":374,"title":375,"date":376,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":377},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F3.ExamRecall1","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fpastexams\u002Fexamrecall1","不知名回忆卷 1","2026-09-10 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20:27:54",{"text":209,"minutes":454,"time":455,"words":456},17.85,1071000,3570,{"stem":458,"path":459,"title":460,"date":461,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":462},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F11.Detailed\u002F8.Chapter8-CProgrammingInUnix","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fdetailed\u002Fchapter8-cprogramminginunix","Chapter 8：C Programming in Unix","2026-09-10 20:27:57",{"text":463,"minutes":464,"time":465,"words":466},"17 min read",16.855,1011300,3371,{"stem":468,"path":469,"title":470,"date":471,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":472},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F2.LinuxUnix","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Flinuxunix","Linux & Unix","2026-09-10 20:25:46",{"text":41,"minutes":473,"time":474,"words":475},29.33,1759800,5866,{"stem":477,"path":478,"title":479,"date":480,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":481},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F3.Vi","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fvi","Vi","2026-09-10 20:25:47",{"text":329,"minutes":482,"time":483,"words":484},7.95,477000,1590,{"stem":486,"path":487,"title":488,"date":489,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":490},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F4.ViCopy","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fvicopy","Vi（详细版）","2026-09-10 20:25:49",{"text":279,"minutes":491,"time":492,"words":493},13.785,827100,2757,{"stem":495,"path":496,"title":497,"date":498,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":499},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F5.Shells","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fshells","Shells","2026-09-10 20:25:51",{"text":500,"minutes":501,"time":502,"words":503},"22 min read",21.21,1272600,4242,{"stem":505,"path":506,"title":507,"date":508,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":509},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F6.Network","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fnetwork","Network","2026-09-10 20:25:54",{"text":319,"minutes":510,"time":511,"words":512},20.595,1235700,4119,{"stem":514,"path":515,"title":516,"date":517,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":518},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F7.SystemAdministration","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fsystemadministration","System Administration","2026-09-10 20:26:44",{"text":329,"minutes":519,"time":520,"words":521},7.12,427200,1424,{"stem":523,"path":524,"title":525,"date":526,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":527},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F8.XWindow","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fxwindow","XWindow","2026-09-10 20:26:45",{"text":97,"minutes":528,"time":529,"words":530},5.105,306300,1021,{"stem":532,"path":533,"title":534,"date":535,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":536},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F9.SystemDevelopmentTools","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad\u002Fsystemdevelopmenttools","System Development Tools","2026-09-10 20:26:47",{"text":387,"minutes":537,"time":538,"words":539},11.35,681000,2270,{"stem":541,"path":542,"title":543,"date":544,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":545},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Ficcad","面向 ICCAD 的软件基础技术","2026-09-10 12:37:00",{"text":60,"minutes":546,"time":547,"words":548},0.185,11100,37,{"stem":550,"path":551,"title":552,"date":553,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":554},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FFeiQilai1","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Ffeiqilai1","飞起来1.0","2026-09-10 12:51:49",{"text":555,"minutes":556,"time":557,"words":558},"105 min read",104.655,6279300,20931,{"stem":560,"path":561,"title":562,"date":563,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":564},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FFeiQilai2","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Ffeiqilai2","飞起来2.0","2026-09-10 12:52:06",{"text":565,"minutes":566,"time":567,"words":568},"29 min read",28.755,1725300,5751,{"stem":570,"path":571,"title":572,"date":573,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":574},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FFeiQilai3","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Ffeiqilai3","飞起来3.0","2026-09-10 12:52:12",{"text":116,"minutes":575,"time":576,"words":577},4.49,269400,898,{"stem":579,"path":580,"title":581,"date":582,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":583},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FLecture13","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Flecture13","Lecture 13：浮点数标准","2026-09-10 12:51:27",{"text":11,"minutes":584,"time":585,"words":586},2.575,154500,515,{"stem":588,"path":589,"title":590,"date":591,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":592},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FLecture6","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Flecture6","Lecture 6：Behavioral Modeling，非阻塞赋值","2026-09-10 12:51:12",{"text":97,"minutes":593,"time":594,"words":595},5.34,320400,1068,{"stem":597,"path":598,"title":599,"date":600,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":601},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002FPPTCorrespondence","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl\u002Fpptcorrespondence","与PPT的对应","2026-09-10 12:52:18",{"text":269,"minutes":602,"time":603,"words":604},9.275,556500,1855,{"stem":606,"path":607,"title":608,"date":544,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":609},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F3.HDL\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fhdl","硬件描述语言原理与应用",{"text":60,"minutes":61,"time":62,"words":63},{"stem":611,"path":612,"title":613,"date":614,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":615},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002F1.BeforeMidterm","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign\u002Fbeforemidterm","期中前","2026-09-10 20:28:52",{"text":616,"minutes":617,"time":618,"words":619},"11 min read",10.835,650100,2167,{"stem":621,"path":622,"title":623,"date":624,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":625},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002F2.MidtermExam2425","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign\u002Fmidtermexam2425","24-25 期中","2026-09-10 20:29:00",{"text":21,"minutes":626,"time":627,"words":628},1.22,73200,244,{"stem":630,"path":631,"title":632,"date":633,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":634},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002F3.FinalExamReview","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign\u002Ffinalexamreview","期末考试整理","2026-09-10 20:29:09",{"text":387,"minutes":635,"time":636,"words":637},11.36,681600,2272,{"stem":639,"path":640,"title":641,"date":642,"collapsed":343,"readingTime":643},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F4.analogICDesign\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn\u002Fanalogicdesign","模拟集成电路设计","2026-09-10 20:00:00",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":645,"path":646,"title":647,"date":78,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":648},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002Findex","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-autumn","大三秋冬",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":650,"path":651,"title":652,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":654},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F1.Chapter3-Device","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter3-device","Chapter 3：器件 Device","2026-09-10 21:14:41",{"text":249,"minutes":655,"time":656,"words":657},6.055,363300,1211,{"stem":659,"path":660,"title":661,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":662},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F10.Chapter12-Arithmetic","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter12-arithmetic","Chapter 12：算术运算电路 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期中试题",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":693,"path":694,"title":695,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":696},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F13.PastExams\u002F3.FinalPolished","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fpastexams\u002Ffinalpolished","期末历年卷（AI 润色版）",{"text":21,"minutes":697,"time":698,"words":699},1.575,94500,315,{"stem":701,"path":702,"title":703,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":704},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F14.ExamRecall2026","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fexamrecall2026","数字集成电路回忆 2026",{"text":60,"minutes":705,"time":706,"words":707},0.49,29400,98,{"stem":709,"path":710,"title":711,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":712},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F2.Chapter4-Wire","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter4-wire","Chapter 4：导线 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Gate",{"text":31,"minutes":729,"time":730,"words":731},8.635,518100,1727,{"stem":733,"path":734,"title":735,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":736},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F5.Chapter7-SequentialLogic","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter7-sequentiallogic","Chapter 7：时序逻辑 Sequential Logic",{"text":463,"minutes":737,"time":738,"words":739},16.645,998700,3329,{"stem":741,"path":742,"title":743,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":744},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F6.Chapter8-Speed","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter8-speed","Chapter 8：延迟与速度 Speed",{"text":745,"minutes":746,"time":747,"words":748},"33 min read",32.885,1973100,6577,{"stem":750,"path":751,"title":752,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":753},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F7.Chapter9-Power","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter9-power","Chapter 9：功耗 Power",{"text":754,"minutes":755,"time":756,"words":757},"31 min read",31.005,1860300,6201,{"stem":759,"path":760,"title":761,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":762},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F8.Chapter10-Interconnect","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter10-interconnect","Chapter 10：互连 Interconnect",{"text":463,"minutes":763,"time":764,"words":765},16.32,979200,3264,{"stem":767,"path":768,"title":769,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":770},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F1.digitalICDesign\u002F9.Chapter11-Timing","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fdigitalicdesign\u002Fchapter11-timing","Chapter 11：时序 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read",43.985,2639100,8797,{"stem":824,"path":825,"title":826,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":827},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F2.computerOrganization\u002F14.L15","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fcomputerorganization\u002Fl15","L15：期末复习问答",{"text":269,"minutes":828,"time":829,"words":830},9.105,546300,1821,{"stem":832,"path":833,"title":834,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":835},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F2.computerOrganization\u002F2.L2-Binary","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fcomputerorganization\u002Fl2-binary","L2：二进制数制",{"text":80,"minutes":81,"time":81,"words":81},{"stem":837,"path":838,"title":839,"date":653,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":840},"posts\u002FUGCourses\u002F5.junior-spring\u002F2.computerOrganization\u002F3.L3-CMemory","\u002Fugcourses\u002Fjunior-spring\u002Fcomputerorganization\u002Fl3-cmemory","L3：C 语言与内存模型",{"text":841,"minutes":842,"time":843,"words":844},"98 min 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系统配置","2025-08-26 19:38:06",{"text":158,"minutes":911,"time":912,"words":913},3.815,228900,763,{"stem":915,"path":916,"title":917,"date":918,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":919},"posts\u002Fubuntu\u002F2.cadence\u002F1.mmsim","\u002Fubuntu\u002Fcadence\u002Fmmsim","在 Ubuntu 24.04 上安装 Cadence MMSIM 15.1 的兼容性问题","2026-09-09 14:06:40",{"text":158,"minutes":920,"time":921,"words":922},3.5,210000,700,{"stem":924,"path":925,"title":926,"date":918,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":927},"posts\u002Fubuntu\u002F2.cadence\u002F2.innovus","\u002Fubuntu\u002Fcadence\u002Finnovus","Innovus安装",{"text":11,"minutes":928,"time":929,"words":930},2.08,124800,416,{"stem":932,"path":933,"title":934,"date":918,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":935},"posts\u002Fubuntu\u002F2.cadence\u002Findex","\u002Fubuntu\u002Fcadence","Ubuntu24.04安装Cadence 系列软件",{"text":269,"minutes":936,"time":937,"words":938},9.98,598800,1996,{"stem":940,"path":941,"title":942,"date":918,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":943},"posts\u002Fubuntu\u002F3.synopsys","\u002Fubuntu\u002Fsynopsys","Ubuntu 24.04 安装 Synopsys",{"text":269,"minutes":944,"time":945,"words":946},9.555,573300,1911,{"stem":948,"path":949,"title":950,"date":918,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":951},"posts\u002Fubuntu\u002F4.vivado","\u002Fubuntu\u002Fvivado","Ubuntu 24.04 安装 Vivado 2020.1",{"text":60,"minutes":952,"time":953,"words":954},0.62,37200,124,{"stem":956,"path":957,"title":958,"date":918,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":959},"posts\u002Fubuntu\u002F5.migrate","\u002Fubuntu\u002Fmigrate","硬盘迁移系统",{"text":60,"minutes":960,"time":961,"words":962},0.64,38400,128,{"stem":964,"path":965,"title":966,"date":967,"collapsed":9,"readingTime":968},"posts\u002Fubuntu\u002Findex","\u002Fubuntu","Ubuntu装进移动硬盘","2025-08-25 19:38:06",{"text":269,"minutes":969,"time":970,"words":971},9.26,555600,1852,{"id":973,"title":360,"body":974,"categories":3944,"collapsed":9,"date":361,"description":3945,"draft":9,"extension":3946,"hideInArchive":343,"hideInList":343,"image":3947,"meta":3948,"navigation":343,"path":359,"permalink":3947,"published":3947,"readingTime":3950,"recommend":3947,"references":3947,"seo":3951,"sitemap":3952,"stem":358,"tags":3957,"type":3961,"updated":361,"__hash__":3962},"content\u002Fposts\u002FUGCourses\u002F4.junior-autumn\u002F2.ICCAD\u002F10.PastExams\u002F1.ExamAutumn2223.md",{"type":975,"value":976,"toc":3916},"minimark",[977,982,1066,1087,1113,1120,1158,1235,1252,1256,1275,1281,1287,1298,1322,1333,1338,1344,1359,1365,1371,1383,1386,1389,1401,1404,1416,1419,1422,1436,1442,1464,1481,1534,1556,1561,1583,1589,1606,1612,1618,1638,1641,1644,1657,1660,1675,1681,1687,1692,1697,1711,1717,1723,1729,1748,1753,1764,1771,1839,1843,1848,1853,1858,1862,1865,1868,1871,1882,1896,1899,1901,1904,1907,1915,1923,1926,1929,1932,1934,1937,1945,1948,1950,1956,1958,1963,1971,1974,1976,1981,1983,1989,2011,2014,2016,2019,2021,2026,2034,2037,2039,2042,2044,2052,2060,2063,2065,2068,2070,2078,2083,2086,2088,2091,2093,2099,2102,2106,2111,2116,2121,2134,2257,2268,2390,2402,2513,2523,2622,2737,2838,2916,2991,3003,3197,3207,3359,3363,3366,3381,3384,3387,3390,3404,3410,3413,3416,3424,3433,3446,3459,3469,3481,3490,3503,3513,3516,3525,3531,3537,3543,3549,3581,3587,3590,3599,3602,3605,3608,3613,3626,3636,3645,3649,3652,3656,3727,3730,3794,3797,3856,3859],[978,979,981],"h2",{"id":980},"afill-in-the-blanks-in-english","A.Fill in the blanks in English.",[983,984,985,1009,1017,1026,1040,1049,1058],"ol",{},[986,987,988,989,996,997,1002,1003,1008],"li",{},"The name of Unix directory “\u002Fdev” is from a word ",[990,991,992],"mark",{},[993,994,995],"u",{},"device"," , “\u002Fbin” is from a word ",[990,998,999],{},[993,1000,1001],{},"binary"," ; while  “src” often means ",[990,1004,1005],{},[993,1006,1007],{},"source"," .",[986,1010,1011,1012,1008],{},"Command “if -r $FILE” in bash judges whether a file exists and is ",[990,1013,1014],{},[993,1015,1016],{},"readable",[986,1018,1019,1020,1025],{},"While in vi’s insert mode, pressing ",[990,1021,1022],{},[993,1023,1024],{},"ESC"," key could help return to command mode.",[986,1027,1028,1029,1033,1034,1039],{},"While linking with ",[1030,1031,1032],"strong",{},"static"," X Window library, “-lX11” means the needed library should be a file called ",[990,1035,1036],{},[993,1037,1038],{},"libX11.a",".",[986,1041,1042,1043,1048],{},"We met “lazy dog” in our homework task of doing ",[990,1044,1045],{},[993,1046,1047],{},"typing"," practices.",[986,1050,1051,1052,1057],{},"A command “kill -9 3721” means the “kill” program sends a #9 signal to a ",[990,1053,1054],{},[993,1055,1056],{},"process"," with PID of 3721.",[986,1059,1060,1061,1008],{},"A special macro “$@” inside a makefile rule stands for this rule’s current ",[990,1062,1063],{},[993,1064,1065],{},"target",[1067,1068,1069,1080],"blockquote",{},[1070,1071,1077],"pre",{"className":1072,"code":1074,"language":1075,"meta":1076},[1073],"language-bash","myapp: file1.o file2.o file3.o\n        gcc -o myapp file1.o file2.o file3.o\nmyapp: file1.o file2.o file3.o\n        gcc -o $@ $^\n目标(target): 依赖1 依赖2 依赖3\n        命令\n","bash","",[1078,1079,1074],"code",{"__ignoreMap":1076},[1081,1082,1083],"p",{},[1084,1085],"img",{"alt":1084,"src":1086},"\u002Fimg\u002FICCAD\u002FExamAutumn2223-01.png",[983,1088,1090,1104],{"start":1089},8,[986,1091,1092,1093,1098,1099,1039],{},"In text-based ftp client program, the letter “l” in a command “lcd” likely means ",[990,1094,1095],{},[993,1096,1097],{},"local"," ; the letter “!” in a command “!pwd” means ",[990,1100,1101],{},[993,1102,1103],{},"run a command on the local machine",[986,1105,1106,1107,1112],{},"The “@” in a Perl variable name “@ages” indicates this variable is of ",[990,1108,1109],{},[993,1110,1111],{},"array"," type.",[1067,1114,1115],{},[1081,1116,1117],{},[1084,1118],{"alt":1084,"src":1119},"\u002Fimg\u002FICCAD\u002FExamAutumn2223-02.png",[983,1121,1123,1131],{"start":1122},10,[986,1124,1125,1130],{},[990,1126,1127],{},[993,1128,1129],{},"Vimtutor"," is a program running tutorial for vim; it has 7 lessons for students learning with.",[986,1132,1133,1134,1139,1140,1145,1146,1151,1152,1157],{},"While “.c” is a common suffix for C source code file, “.o” is usually for ",[990,1135,1136],{},[993,1137,1138],{},"object"," file; and ",[990,1141,1142],{},[993,1143,1144],{},".pl"," is a common suffix for Perl source code file; ",[990,1147,1148],{},[993,1149,1150],{},".py"," is a common suffix for Python source code file; ",[990,1153,1154],{},[993,1155,1156],{},".s"," is a common suffix for assembly source code.",[1067,1159,1160,1165],{},[1161,1162,1164],"h4",{"id":1163},"suffix-naming-convention","Suffix Naming Convention",[1166,1167,1168,1174,1184,1189,1195,1201,1206,1212,1218,1224,1229],"ul",{},[986,1169,1170,1173],{},[1078,1171,1172],{"code":1172},".sh\u002F.bash\u002F.csh"," #Shell Script",[986,1175,1176,1179,1180,1183],{},[1078,1177,1178],{"code":1178},".c\u002F.cpp\u002F"," \u002F",[1078,1181,1182],{"code":1182},".h\u002F.hpp"," #C\u002FC++ Source\u002FHeader File",[986,1185,1186,1188],{},[1078,1187,1150],{"code":1150}," #Python Script",[986,1190,1191,1194],{},[1078,1192,1193],{"code":1193},".java"," #Java Source File",[986,1196,1197,1200],{},[1078,1198,1199],{"code":1199},".o"," #Object File，gcc -c之后生成的目标文件",[986,1202,1203,1205],{},[1078,1204,1156],{"code":1156}," #Assembly Source File，汇编文件",[986,1207,1208,1211],{},[1078,1209,1210],{"code":1210},".a"," #Library (static)，静态库",[986,1213,1214,1217],{},[1078,1215,1216],{"code":1216},".so"," #Dynamic-linking Library (shared object)，动态库",[986,1219,1220,1223],{},[1078,1221,1222],{"code":1222},".f"," #Fortran Source File",[986,1225,1226,1228],{},[1078,1227,1144],{"code":1144}," #Perl Script perl 脚本",[986,1230,1231,1234],{},[1078,1232,1233],{"code":1233},".tcl"," #TCL\u002FTK Script",[983,1236,1238],{"start":1237},12,[986,1239,1240,1241,1246,1247,1039],{},"Each letter in EDA stands for ",[990,1242,1243],{},[993,1244,1245],{},"Electronic Design Automation"," ; each letter in CAD stands for ",[990,1248,1249],{},[993,1250,1251],{},"Computer Aided Design",[978,1253,1255],{"id":1254},"bchoose-single-answer-from-candidate-choices","B.Choose single answer from candidate choices.",[983,1257,1259],{"start":1258},26,[986,1260,1261,1264,1265,1270,1271,1274],{},[1078,1262,1263],{"code":1263},"yy4p"," in vi command mode means to ",[990,1266,1267],{},[993,1268,1269],{},"duplicate 4 lines"," （duplicate 复制）\n",[1078,1272,1273],{"code":1273},"4dd",": delete 4 lines",[1081,1276,1277,1280],{},[1078,1278,1279],{"code":1279},"4j",": move cursor down 4 lines",[1081,1282,1283,1286],{},[1078,1284,1285],{"code":1285},"4k",": move cursor up 4 lines",[983,1288,1290],{"start":1289},27,[986,1291,1292,1293],{},"The interpreter program of Tcl\u002FTK scripts: ",[990,1294,1295],{},[993,1296,1297],{},"wish",[1067,1299,1300,1308],{},[1081,1301,1302,1307],{},[1030,1303,1304],{},[1078,1305,1306],{"code":1306},"tclsh","：Tcl 脚本的标准解释器（只带 Tcl，不带图形界面 Tk）。",[1081,1309,1310,1314,1315,1317,1318,1321],{},[1030,1311,1312],{},[1078,1313,1297],{"code":1297},"：Tk 脚本\u002F带 GUI 的 Tcl 脚本解释器（",[1078,1316,1297],{"code":1297}," = ",[1030,1319,1320],{},"Tcl + Tk","）。",[983,1323,1325],{"start":1324},28,[986,1326,1327,1328],{},"Interpreter program of Perl scripts: ",[990,1329,1330],{},[993,1331,1332],{},"perl",[1081,1334,1335],{},[1030,1336,1337],{},"注意P不大写",[1081,1339,1340,1341],{},"Interpreter program of Python scripts: ",[993,1342,1343],{},"python",[983,1345,1347],{"start":1346},29,[986,1348,1349,1350,1355,1358],{},"A company was famous for its copying machine products ",[990,1351,1352],{},[993,1353,1354],{},"Xerox",[1030,1356,1357],{},"Intel:"," microprocessors (CPUs) and other semiconductor chips.",[1081,1360,1361,1364],{},[1030,1362,1363],{},"Texas Instruments (TI):"," semiconductors (especially analog and embedded chips); also calculators.",[1081,1366,1367,1370],{},[1030,1368,1369],{},"IBM:"," enterprise computing products and services (servers\u002Fmainframes, software, IT consulting).",[983,1372,1374],{"start":1373},30,[986,1375,1376,1377,1382],{},"Key stroke for moving cursor position down a full page in vi: ",[990,1378,1379],{},[993,1380,1381],{},"^f (Ctrl-f)","\n^u (Ctrl-u): up(back) a half page",[1081,1384,1385],{},"^d (Ctrl-d): down a half page",[1081,1387,1388],{},"^b (Ctrl-b): back a full page",[983,1390,1392],{"start":1391},31,[986,1393,1394,1395,1400],{},"It is the world’s largest ICCAD company in year 2022: ",[990,1396,1397],{},[993,1398,1399],{},"Synopsys","\nCadence is second",[1081,1402,1403],{},"Mentor Graphics is third",[983,1405,1407],{"start":1406},32,[986,1408,1409,1410,1415],{},"Command can give a Unix command an additional name: ",[990,1411,1412],{},[993,1413,1414],{},"alias","\nremove: remove files or directories",[1081,1417,1418],{},"move: move (rename) files",[1081,1420,1421],{},"rename: change the name or location of a file",[983,1423,1425],{"start":1424},33,[986,1426,1427,1428,1431,1432,1435],{},"Command option to tell ",[1078,1429,1430],{"code":1430},"gcc"," about position information of header (.h) file: -L\n",[1078,1433,1434],{"code":1434},"-h",": --help",[1081,1437,1438,1441],{},[1078,1439,1440],{"code":1440},"-H",": Print  the  name  of  each  header  file used, in addition to other normal activities. （编译的同时，打印所有包含的头文件）",[1081,1443,1444,1447,1448,1451,1452,1455,1456,1459,1460,1463],{},[1078,1445,1446],{"code":1446},"-l",": ",[1078,1449,1450],{"code":1450},"-l\u003Cname>"," tells the linker to ",[1030,1453,1454],{},"link against a library"," named ",[1078,1457,1458],{"code":1458},"lib\u003Cname>.so"," (shared) or ",[1078,1461,1462],{"code":1462},"lib\u003Cname>.a"," (static).",[983,1465,1467,1478],{"start":1466},34,[986,1468,1469,1472,1473],{},[1078,1470,1471],{"code":1471},":s\u002FOct\\.\u002FNov.\u002F","  in vi command line mode performs: ",[990,1474,1475],{},[993,1476,1477],{},"substitution",[986,1479,1480],{},"A Class-B IP address: 135.0.1.1",[1067,1482,1483,1486],{},[1081,1484,1485],{},"注意最开始的数字大小",[1166,1487,1488,1498,1507,1516,1525],{},[986,1489,1490,1493,1494,1497],{},[1030,1491,1492],{},"Class A","：以 ",[1078,1495,1496],{"code":1496},"0"," 开头          1–126",[986,1499,1500,1493,1503,1506],{},[1030,1501,1502],{},"Class B",[1078,1504,1505],{"code":1505},"10"," 开头       128–191",[986,1508,1509,1493,1512,1515],{},[1030,1510,1511],{},"Class C",[1078,1513,1514],{"code":1514},"110"," 开头    192–223",[986,1517,1518,1493,1521,1524],{},[1030,1519,1520],{},"Class D",[1078,1522,1523],{"code":1523},"1110"," 开头 224–239",[986,1526,1527,1493,1530,1533],{},[1030,1528,1529],{},"Class E",[1078,1531,1532],{"code":1532},"1111"," 开头 240–255",[983,1535,1537],{"start":1536},36,[986,1538,1539,1540,1545,1548,1549,1548,1552,1555],{},"A shell command has different effects than the other 3 commands: ",[990,1541,1542],{},[993,1543,1544],{},"cd $PWD",[1078,1546,1547],{"code":1547},"cd",",",[1078,1550,1551],{"code":1551},"cd ~",[1078,1553,1554],{"code":1554},"cd $HOME",": change directory to home directory",[1081,1557,1558,1560],{},[1078,1559,1544],{"code":1544},":  keep current directory",[983,1562,1563,1571],{"start":548},[986,1564,1565,1566],{},"The “-Rt” in a command “ls -Rt” means: ",[990,1567,1568],{},[993,1569,1570],{},"recursively, time orderly",[986,1572,1573,1574,1579,1582],{},"A disk partition has its free-space information in: ",[990,1575,1576],{},[993,1577,1578],{},"super block",[1030,1580,1581],{},"inode"," stores metadata for an individual file.",[1081,1584,1585,1588],{},[1030,1586,1587],{},"data block"," stores actual file contents.",[983,1590,1592],{"start":1591},39,[986,1593,1594,1595,1602,1605],{},"Command that can NOT display contents of a plain text document:",[990,1596,1597],{},[993,1598,1599],{},[1078,1600,1601],{"code":1601},"ls",[1078,1603,1604],{"code":1604},"cat"," displays the whole file.",[1081,1607,1608,1611],{},[1078,1609,1610],{"code":1610},"head"," displays the first part of the file.",[1081,1613,1614,1617],{},[1078,1615,1616],{"code":1616},"tail"," displays the last part of the file.",[983,1619,1621,1629],{"start":1620},40,[986,1622,1623,1624],{},"Super User of Unix system is also known as: ",[990,1625,1626],{},[993,1627,1628],{},"root",[986,1630,1631,1632,1637],{},"GNU GPL is a technical term most-likely related to: ",[990,1633,1634],{},[993,1635,1636],{},"software lisence","\ngraphics: 图形\u002F图像",[1081,1639,1640],{},"debugger: 调试器，如gdb",[1081,1642,1643],{},"source code complier:代码编译器，如gcc",[983,1645,1647],{"start":1646},42,[986,1648,1649,1650],{},"While using more to browse a document, pressing this key could exit the browsing: ",[990,1651,1652],{},[993,1653,1654],{},[1078,1655,1656],{"code":1656},"q",[1081,1658,1659],{},"b: back to the full page",[983,1661,1663],{"start":1662},43,[986,1664,1665,1666,1671,1672],{},"Code version control tool git is developed under: ",[990,1667,1668],{},[993,1669,1670],{},"Linus Torvalds","\nBill Joy: ",[1030,1673,1674],{},"vi & CShell",[1081,1676,1677,1678],{},"Steve Wozniak: ",[1030,1679,1680],{},"Apple",[1081,1682,1683,1684],{},"Bill Gates:  ",[1030,1685,1686],{},"Microsoft",[1067,1688,1689],{},[1081,1690,1691],{},"reviewtxt里面的",[1081,1693,1694],{},[1084,1695],{"alt":1084,"src":1696},"\u002Fimg\u002FICCAD\u002FExamAutumn2223-03.png",[983,1698,1700],{"start":1699},44,[986,1701,1702,1703,1708,1710],{},"Unix system time can be changed by command program: ",[990,1704,1705],{},[993,1706,1707],{},"date",[1078,1709,1707],{"code":1707}," can display the date\u002Ftime and (with proper privileges) set the system time.",[1081,1712,1713,1716],{},[1078,1714,1715],{"code":1715},"sleep"," pauses execution.",[1081,1718,1719,1722],{},[1078,1720,1721],{"code":1721},"xclock"," shows a clock (GUI), doesn’t set system time.",[1081,1724,1725,1728],{},[1078,1726,1727],{"code":1727},"time"," measures how long a command takes, doesn’t set system time.",[983,1730,1732,1740],{"start":1731},45,[986,1733,1734,1735],{},"Key stroke for moving cursor position up in vi: ",[990,1736,1737],{},[993,1738,1739],{},"k",[986,1741,1742,1743],{},"It is a network protocol, but NOT on Application Layer: ",[990,1744,1745],{},[993,1746,1747],{},"TCP",[1067,1749,1750],{},[1081,1751,1752],{},"Xwindow不是协议 记一下， X11才是",[983,1754,1756],{"start":1755},47,[986,1757,1758,1759],{},"To repeat last command in shell, type: ",[990,1760,1761],{},[993,1762,1763],{},"!!",[1067,1765,1766],{},[1081,1767,1768,1769],{},"在vim中是",[1078,1770,1039],{"code":1039},[983,1772,1774,1782,1790,1799,1807,1815,1823,1831],{"start":1773},48,[986,1775,1776,1777],{},"Key stroke pair can pause-resume output display of a shell program (where ^ stands for Ctrl key): ",[990,1778,1779],{},[993,1780,1781],{},"^S -^Q",[986,1783,1784,1785],{},"Who always listens to a network port and waits to provide network service: ",[990,1786,1787],{},[993,1788,1789],{},"daemon",[986,1791,1792,1793,1798],{},"Honored as inventor of C language: ",[990,1794,1795],{},[993,1796,1797],{},"Dennis Ritchie","\nKen Thompson 写了B语言 是间接贡献者",[986,1800,1801,1802],{},"This Unix program can locate a command’s position in the file tree:",[990,1803,1804],{},[993,1805,1806],{},"which",[986,1808,1809,1810],{},"A C function ‘strcasecmp()’ is different from another function ‘strcmp’ in handing: ",[990,1811,1812],{},[993,1813,1814],{},"character case",[986,1816,1817,1818],{},"When Linux was first mentioned, Linus Torvald was a student in:",[990,1819,1820],{},[993,1821,1822],{},"Finland",[986,1824,1825,1826],{},"Output file finally generated by command ‘gcc tri.c -lm’:",[990,1827,1828],{},[993,1829,1830],{},"a.out",[986,1832,1833,1834],{},"To find a certain word inside a file, we can use program: ",[990,1835,1836],{},[993,1837,1838],{},"grep",[978,1840,1842],{"id":1841},"caccurately-describe-the-main-function-and-command-line-syntax-of-each-unix-command-in-english18-pt","C.Accurately describe the main function and command line syntax of each Unix command in English.(18 pt)",[1081,1844,1845],{},[1030,1846,1847],{},"Accurately describe each Unix command and its usage in English",[1081,1849,1850],{},[1030,1851,1852],{},"Accurately describe the main function and command line syntax of each Unix",[1081,1854,1855],{},[1030,1856,1857],{},"command in English.(18 pt)一个两分",[1859,1860,1861],"h3",{"id":1861},"cut",[1081,1863,1864],{},"Main function:",[1081,1866,1867],{},"Extract selected bytes, characters or fields from each line of a file.",[1081,1869,1870],{},"Syntax：",[1081,1872,1873,1874,1878,1879],{},"cut ",[1875,1876,1877],"span",{},"option"," ",[1875,1880,1881],{},"files",[1166,1883,1884,1887,1890,1893],{},[986,1885,1886],{},"-d use delimiter instead of TAB for field delimiter",[986,1888,1889],{},"-f selected only these fields",[986,1891,1892],{},"-c select only these characters",[986,1894,1895],{},"-b select only these bytes",[1859,1897,1898],{"id":1898},"mkdir",[1081,1900,1864],{},[1081,1902,1903],{},"Make directory (create one or more directories, if they do not already exist)",[1081,1905,1906],{},"Syntax:",[1081,1908,1909,1910,1878,1912],{},"mkdir ",[1875,1911,1877],{},[1875,1913,1914],{},"directory",[1166,1916,1917,1920],{},[986,1918,1919],{},"-p make parent directories as needed",[986,1921,1922],{},"-v print a message for each created directory",[1859,1924,1925],{"id":1925},"umont",[1081,1927,1928],{},"Main Function:",[1081,1930,1931],{},"Remove a file system from the directory tree",[1081,1933,1906],{},[1081,1935,1936],{},"umont {directory | device}",[1166,1938,1939,1942],{},[986,1940,1941],{},"-v print more information",[986,1943,1944],{},"-f force an umount",[1859,1946,1947],{"id":1947},"xterm",[1081,1949,1928],{},[1081,1951,1952,1955],{},[990,1953,1954],{},"Start an X window system terminal"," emulator",[1081,1957,1906],{},[1081,1959,1960,1961],{},"xterm ",[1875,1962,1877],{},[1166,1964,1965,1968],{},[986,1966,1967],{},"-geometry set window size",[986,1969,1970],{},"-T title set window title",[1859,1972,1973],{"id":1973},"cp",[1081,1975,1928],{},[1081,1977,1978],{},[990,1979,1980],{},"Copy files or directories",[1081,1982,1906],{},[1081,1984,1985,1986,1988],{},"cp ",[1875,1987,1877],{}," source_file target_file",[1166,1990,1991,1996,2001,2006],{},[986,1992,1993],{},[990,1994,1995],{},"-i interative",[986,1997,1998],{},[990,1999,2000],{},"-f force",[986,2002,2003],{},[990,2004,2005],{},"-p preserve",[986,2007,2008],{},[990,2009,2010],{},"-R recursively",[1859,2012,2013],{"id":2013},"top",[1081,2015,1928],{},[1081,2017,2018],{},"Display real-time view of system processes",[1081,2020,1906],{},[1081,2022,2023,2024],{},"top ",[1875,2025,1877],{},[1166,2027,2028,2031],{},[986,2029,2030],{},"-u USER show only this user's processes",[986,2032,2033],{},"-p PID monitor specific PID(s)",[1859,2035,2036],{"id":2036},"du",[1081,2038,1928],{},[1081,2040,2041],{},"Estimate the disk usage of a file or directory",[1081,2043,1906],{},[1081,2045,2046,2047,1878,2049],{},"du ",[1875,2048,1877],{},[1875,2050,2051],{},"file or directory",[1166,2053,2054,2057],{},[986,2055,2056],{},"-s summary",[986,2058,2059],{},"-h human-readable",[1859,2061,2062],{"id":2062},"paste",[1081,2064,1928],{},[1081,2066,2067],{},"Merge lines of files in parallel, separating columns with a delimiter",[1081,2069,1906],{},[1081,2071,2072,2073,1878,2075],{},"paste ",[1875,2074,1877],{},[1875,2076,2077],{},"file",[1166,2079,2080],{},[986,2081,2082],{},"-d specific delimiter",[1859,2084,2085],{"id":2085},"ping",[1081,2087,1928],{},[1081,2089,2090],{},"Test network reachability and measure round-trip time",[1081,2092,1906],{},[1081,2094,2095,2096,2098],{},"ping ",[1875,2097,1877],{}," destination",[2100,2101],"hr",{},[978,2103,2105],{"id":2104},"dexplain-the-meanings-of-all-fields-all-words-and-symbols-of-the-command-line-in-reasonable-details-then-explain-the-purpose-of-the-whole-command-line-12-pts-in-chinese-ok","D.Explain the meanings of ALL fields (ALL words and symbols) of the command line in reasonable details; then explain the purpose of the whole command line. (12 pts, in Chinese OK)",[1081,2107,2108],{},[1030,2109,2110],{},"Explain the meanings of ALL fields (ALL words and symbols) of the command line",[1081,2112,2113],{},[1030,2114,2115],{},"in reasonable details; then explain the purpose of the whole command line.",[1081,2117,2118],{},[1030,2119,2120],{},"(12 pts, in Chinese OK)",[1081,2122,2123,1878,2126,1878,2131],{},[1030,2124,2125],{},"65.",[1030,2127,2128],{},[1078,2129,2130],{"code":2130},"find $INC -name std*.h | tee hlist",[1030,2132,2133],{},"(English)",[1166,2135,2136,2142,2160,2172,2214,2223,2233],{},[986,2137,2138,2141],{},[1078,2139,2140],{"code":2140},"find"," = a command to recursively search for files\u002Fdirectories.",[986,2143,2144,1317,2147,2150,2151,2153,2154,2156,2157,2159],{},[1078,2145,2146],{"code":2146},"$INC",[1030,2148,2149],{},"environment variable expansion","; the shell replaces ",[1078,2152,2146],{"code":2146}," with its value. If ",[1078,2155,2146],{"code":2146}," contains multiple paths separated by spaces, the shell splits them and ",[1078,2158,2140],{"code":2140}," searches each.",[986,2161,2162,2165,2166,2168,2169,1039],{},[1078,2163,2164],{"code":2164},"-name"," = an option telling ",[1078,2167,2140],{"code":2140}," to match entries by ",[1030,2170,2171],{},"filename",[986,2173,2174,2177,2178,2181,2182,1447,2185,2188,2189,2192,2193,2196,2197,2199,2200,2203,2204,2203,2207,2210,2211,2213],{},[1078,2175,2176],{"code":2176},"std*.h"," = a ",[1030,2179,2180],{},"pattern"," used by ",[1078,2183,2184],{"code":2184},"find -name",[1078,2186,2187],{"code":2187},"std"," followed by ",[1078,2190,2191],{"code":2191},"*"," then ",[1078,2194,2195],{"code":2195},".h",". Here ",[1078,2198,2191],{"code":2191}," means “any sequence of characters (possibly empty)”, so it matches ",[1078,2201,2202],{"code":2202},"stdio.h",", ",[1078,2205,2206],{"code":2206},"stdlib.h",[1078,2208,2209],{"code":2209},"stdarg.h",", etc. ",[1078,2212,1039],{"code":1039}," is just a literal dot in the filename.",[986,2215,2216,2177,2219,2222],{},[1078,2217,2218],{"code":2218},"|",[1030,2220,2221],{},"pipe",": sends the output (stdout) of the left command into the input (stdin) of the right command.",[986,2224,2225,2228,2229,2232],{},[1078,2226,2227],{"code":2227},"tee"," = reads from stdin and writes to ",[1030,2230,2231],{},"both"," stdout and a file.",[986,2234,2235,2238,2239,2241,2242,2245,2246,2248,2249,2251,2252,2254,2255,1039],{},[1078,2236,2237],{"code":2237},"hlist"," = the output filename that ",[1078,2240,2227],{"code":2227}," writes to.\n",[1030,2243,2244],{},"Purpose of the whole line:"," search under the directory\u002Fdirectories stored in ",[1078,2247,2146],{"code":2146}," for header files whose names start with ",[1078,2250,2187],{"code":2187}," and end with ",[1078,2253,2195],{"code":2195},", show the results on the screen, and also save the list into ",[1078,2256,2237],{"code":2237},[1081,2258,2259,1878,2261,2265],{},[1030,2260,2125],{},[1030,2262,2263],{},[1078,2264,2130],{"code":2130},[1030,2266,2267],{},"（中文）",[1166,2269,2270,2275,2301,2312,2361,2369,2374],{},[986,2271,2272,2274],{},[1078,2273,2140],{"code":2140},"：递归地在目录树中查找文件\u002F目录的命令。",[986,2276,2277,2279,2280,2283,2284,2286,2287,2290,2291,2294,2295,2297,2298,2300],{},[1078,2278,2146],{"code":2146},"：",[1030,2281,2282],{},"环境变量展开","；shell 会把 ",[1078,2285,2146],{"code":2146}," 替换成它的值（通常是头文件目录，如 ",[1078,2288,2289],{"code":2289},"\u002Fusr\u002Finclude"," 或 ",[1078,2292,2293],{"code":2293},".\u002Finclude","）。如果 ",[1078,2296,2146],{"code":2146}," 里有多个用空格分隔的路径，shell 会分词，",[1078,2299,2140],{"code":2140}," 会在每个路径下搜索。",[986,2302,2303,2279,2305,2307,2308,2311],{},[1078,2304,2164],{"code":2164},[1078,2306,2140],{"code":2140}," 的匹配条件，按",[1030,2309,2310],{},"文件名","匹配。",[986,2313,2314,2279,2316,2318,2319,1493,2322,2324,2325,2327,2328,2330,2331,2333,2334,2333,2336,2338,2339,2341,2342,1878,2346,1878,2350,1878,2353,2358],{},[1078,2315,2176],{"code":2176},[1078,2317,2184],{"code":2184}," 使用的",[1030,2320,2321],{},"通配模式",[1078,2323,2187],{"code":2187}," 开头，",[1078,2326,2191],{"code":2191}," 表示“任意长度任意字符序列”，最后以 ",[1078,2329,2195],{"code":2195}," 结尾，所以能匹配 ",[1078,2332,2202],{"code":2202},"、",[1078,2335,2206],{"code":2206},[1078,2337,2209],{"code":2209}," 等。",[1078,2340,1039],{"code":1039}," 就是文件名里的点。",[2343,2344,2345],"em",{},"（注意：不加引号时，shell 可能先把",[2343,2347,2348],{},[1078,2349,2176],{"code":2176},[2343,2351,2352],{},"在当前目录展开；更稳妥写法是",[2343,2354,2355],{},[1078,2356,2357],{"code":2357},"-name 'std*.h'",[2343,2359,2360],{},"。）",[986,2362,2363,2279,2365,2368],{},[1078,2364,2218],{"code":2218},[1030,2366,2367],{},"管道","，把左边命令的输出送到右边命令的输入。",[986,2370,2371,2373],{},[1078,2372,2227],{"code":2227},"：从标准输入读数据，同时写到屏幕（stdout）和文件。",[986,2375,2376,2279,2378,2380,2381,2383,2384,2386,2387,2389],{},[1078,2377,2237],{"code":2237},[1078,2379,2227],{"code":2227}," 要写入的文件名。\n整行目的：在 ",[1078,2382,2146],{"code":2146}," 指定的目录下查找名字形如 ",[1078,2385,2176],{"code":2176}," 的头文件，把结果既显示出来又保存到 ",[1078,2388,2237],{"code":2237}," 文件中。",[1081,2391,2392,1878,2395,1878,2400],{},[1030,2393,2394],{},"66.",[1030,2396,2397],{},[1078,2398,2399],{"code":2399},"make -f makefile.bit clean; touch demo_bit.c; make -nf makefile.bit",[1030,2401,2133],{},[1166,2403,2404,2410,2434,2442,2451,2460],{},[986,2405,2406,2409],{},[1078,2407,2408],{"code":2408},"make"," = build automation tool; it reads rules from a makefile and runs commands to build targets.",[986,2411,2412,2415,2416,2419,2420,2422,2423,2426,2427,2430,2431,1039],{},[1078,2413,2414],{"code":2414},"-f makefile.bit"," = option ",[1078,2417,2418],{"code":2418},"-f"," tells ",[1078,2421,2408],{"code":2408}," to use ",[1030,2424,2425],{},"this specific makefile"," (",[1078,2428,2429],{"code":2429},"makefile.bit",") instead of the default ",[1078,2432,2433],{"code":2433},"Makefile\u002Fmakefile",[986,2435,2436,2177,2439,2441],{},[1078,2437,2438],{"code":2438},"clean",[1030,2440,1065],{}," name; typically removes generated files (object files, executables) so you can rebuild from scratch.",[986,2443,2444,1317,2447,2450],{},[1078,2445,2446],{"code":2446},";",[1030,2448,2449],{},"command separator"," in the shell: run the next command after the previous one finishes.",[986,2452,2453,1317,2456,2459],{},[1078,2454,2455],{"code":2455},"touch demo_bit.c",[1078,2457,2458],{"code":2458},"touch"," updates the file’s modification timestamp to “now”; if the file doesn’t exist, it creates an empty file.",[986,2461,2462,2465,2466,2469,2470,2472,2473],{},[1078,2463,2464],{"code":2464},"make -nf makefile.bit"," = options combined: ",[1078,2467,2468],{"code":2468},"-n"," (“dry-run”) + ",[1078,2471,2414],{"code":2414},".\n",[1166,2474,2475,2488],{},[986,2476,2477,2479,2480,2483,2484,2487],{},[1078,2478,2468],{"code":2468}," = print the commands that ",[1030,2481,2482],{},"would"," run, but do ",[1030,2485,2486],{},"not"," execute them.",[986,2489,2490,2491,2493,2494,2497,2498,2500,2501,2503,2504,2507,2508,2510,2511,1039],{},"With no explicit target at the end, ",[1078,2492,2408],{"code":2408}," uses the ",[1030,2495,2496],{},"default target"," (the first target in the makefile).\n",[1030,2499,2244],{}," (1) clean the project using ",[1078,2502,2429],{"code":2429},", (2) mark ",[1078,2505,2506],{"code":2506},"demo_bit.c"," as newly modified (or create it), and then (3) preview what commands ",[1078,2509,2408],{"code":2408}," would execute (without actually running them) to rebuild the default target according to ",[1078,2512,2429],{"code":2429},[1081,2514,2515,1878,2517,2521],{},[1030,2516,2394],{},[1030,2518,2519],{},[1078,2520,2399],{"code":2399},[1030,2522,2267],{},[1166,2524,2525,2530,2543,2552,2565,2576],{},[986,2526,2527,2529],{},[1078,2528,2408],{"code":2408},"：构建工具，根据 makefile 的规则执行编译\u002F链接等命令。",[986,2531,2532,2279,2534,2536,2537,2539,2540,2542],{},[1078,2533,2414],{"code":2414},[1078,2535,2418],{"code":2418}," 指定使用某个 makefile，这里明确用 ",[1078,2538,2429],{"code":2429},"，而不是默认的 ",[1078,2541,2433],{"code":2433},"。",[986,2544,2545,2547,2548,2551],{},[1078,2546,2438],{"code":2438},"：一个",[1030,2549,2550],{},"目标（target）","，通常用于删除编译产生的中间文件\u002F可执行文件，方便重新完整构建。",[986,2553,2554,2556,2557,2560,2561,2564],{},[1078,2555,2446],{"code":2446},"：shell 的",[1030,2558,2559],{},"命令分隔符","，表示按顺序执行下一条命令（不像 ",[1078,2562,2563],{"code":2563},"&&"," 那样要求前一条成功）。",[986,2566,2567,2569,2570,2572,2573,2575],{},[1078,2568,2455],{"code":2455},"：更新 ",[1078,2571,2506],{"code":2506}," 的修改时间为当前时间；若文件不存在则创建空文件。常用于“骗过”",[1078,2574,2408],{"code":2408},"：让它认为源文件更新了，从而触发重编译。",[986,2577,2578,2580,2581,2583,2584,2586,2587],{},[1078,2579,2464],{"code":2464},"：把两个选项合在一起：",[1078,2582,2468],{"code":2468}," + ",[1078,2585,2414],{"code":2414},"。\n",[1166,2588,2589,2597],{},[986,2590,2591,2279,2593,2596],{},[1078,2592,2468],{"code":2468},[1030,2594,2595],{},"只打印将要执行的命令，不真正执行","（dry-run）。",[986,2598,2599,2600,2603,2604,2606,2607,2609,2610,2612,2613,2615,2616,2618,2619,2621],{},"末尾没写 target，则使用 makefile 中的",[1030,2601,2602],{},"默认目标","（通常是第一个目标）。\n整行目的：先用 ",[1078,2605,2429],{"code":2429}," 执行 ",[1078,2608,2438],{"code":2438}," 清理，再用 ",[1078,2611,2458],{"code":2458}," 把 ",[1078,2614,2506],{"code":2506}," 标记为“刚更新”，最后用 dry-run 方式预览如果要按 ",[1078,2617,2429],{"code":2429}," 构建默认目标，",[1078,2620,2408],{"code":2408}," 会运行哪些命令。",[1081,2623,2624,2627,1878,2735],{},[1030,2625,2626],{},"67.",[1030,2628,2629,2630,2633,2634,2734],{},"export PATH=",[1078,2631,2632],{"code":2632},"pwd","\u002Ffake_bin:",[1875,2635,2638,2686],{"className":2636},[2637],"katex",[1875,2639,2642],{"className":2640},[2641],"katex-mathml",[2643,2644,2646],"math",{"xmlns":2645},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML",[2647,2648,2649,2681],"semantics",{},[2650,2651,2652,2656,2659,2662,2665,2669,2672,2675,2678],"mrow",{},[2653,2654,2655],"mi",{},"P",[2653,2657,2658],{},"A",[2653,2660,2661],{},"T",[2653,2663,2664],{},"H",[2666,2667,2446],"mo",{"separator":2668},"true",[2653,2670,2671],{},"e",[2653,2673,2674],{},"c",[2653,2676,2677],{},"h",[2653,2679,2680],{},"o",[2682,2683,2685],"annotation",{"encoding":2684},"application\u002Fx-tex","PATH; echo ",[1875,2687,2690],{"className":2688,"ariaHidden":2668},[2689],"katex-html",[1875,2691,2694,2699,2705,2708,2711,2715,2719,2724,2728,2731],{"className":2692},[2693],"base",[1875,2695],{"className":2696,"style":2698},[2697],"strut","height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[1875,2700,2655],{"className":2701,"style":2704},[2702,2703],"mord","mathnormal","margin-right:0.1389em;",[1875,2706,2658],{"className":2707},[2702,2703],[1875,2709,2661],{"className":2710,"style":2704},[2702,2703],[1875,2712,2664],{"className":2713,"style":2714},[2702,2703],"margin-right:0.0813em;",[1875,2716,2446],{"className":2717},[2718],"mpunct",[1875,2720],{"className":2721,"style":2723},[2722],"mspace","margin-right:0.1667em;",[1875,2725,2727],{"className":2726},[2702,2703],"ec",[1875,2729,2677],{"className":2730},[2702,2703],[1875,2732,2680],{"className":2733},[2702,2703],"PATH;",[1030,2736,2133],{},[1166,2738,2739,2749,2759,2785,2795,2801,2807,2812],{},[986,2740,2741,2744,2745,2748],{},[1078,2742,2743],{"code":2743},"export"," = mark a shell variable as an ",[1030,2746,2747],{},"environment variable,"," so child processes (programs you run afterward) inherit it.",[986,2750,2751,2754,2755,2758],{},[1078,2752,2753],{"code":2753},"PATH=..."," = assignment to the ",[1078,2756,2757],{"code":2757},"PATH"," environment variable (the search path for executable commands).",[986,2760,2761,1317,2763,2766,2767,2769,2770,2773,2774,1878,2777,2782],{},[1078,2762,2632],{"code":2632},[1030,2764,2765],{},"command substitution"," using backticks: run ",[1078,2768,2632],{"code":2632}," (print working directory) and substitute its output (e.g., ",[1078,2771,2772],{"code":2772},"\u002Fhome\u002Fuser\u002Fproject","). ",[2343,2775,2776],{},"(Modern style is",[2343,2778,2779],{},[1078,2780,2781],{"code":2781},"$(pwd)",[2343,2783,2784],{},".)",[986,2786,2787,2790,2791,2794],{},[1078,2788,2789],{"code":2789},"\u002Ffake_bin"," = a directory named ",[1078,2792,2793],{"code":2793},"fake_bin"," under the current directory.",[986,2796,2797,2800],{},[1078,2798,2799],{"code":2799},":"," = PATH separator on Unix-like systems; PATH is a colon-separated list of directories.",[986,2802,2803,2806],{},[1078,2804,2805],{"code":2805},"$PATH"," (on the right-hand side) = expands to the previous\u002Fcurrent PATH value, so you append the old PATH after your new directory.",[986,2808,2809,2811],{},[1078,2810,2446],{"code":2446}," = command separator.",[986,2813,2814,2817,2818,2820,2821,2823,2824,2827,2828,2830,2831,2833,2834,2837],{},[1078,2815,2816],{"code":2816},"echo $PATH"," = print the resulting PATH to the terminal. The final ",[1078,2819,2446],{"code":2446}," is optional; it just ends the command.\n",[1030,2822,2244],{}," prepend the directory ",[1078,2825,2826],{"code":2826},"\u003Ccurrent working directory>\u002Ffake_bin"," to the front of ",[1078,2829,2757],{"code":2757}," (so executables in ",[1078,2832,2793],{"code":2793}," are found ",[1030,2835,2836],{},"before"," system ones), then display the new PATH value.",[1081,2839,2840,1878,2842,2914],{},[1030,2841,2626],{},[1030,2843,2629,2844,2633,2846,2734],{},[1078,2845,2632],{"code":2632},[1875,2847,2849,2878],{"className":2848},[2637],[1875,2850,2852],{"className":2851},[2641],[2643,2853,2854],{"xmlns":2645},[2647,2855,2856,2876],{},[2650,2857,2858,2860,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874],{},[2653,2859,2655],{},[2653,2861,2658],{},[2653,2863,2661],{},[2653,2865,2664],{},[2666,2867,2446],{"separator":2668},[2653,2869,2671],{},[2653,2871,2674],{},[2653,2873,2677],{},[2653,2875,2680],{},[2682,2877,2685],{"encoding":2684},[1875,2879,2881],{"className":2880,"ariaHidden":2668},[2689],[1875,2882,2884,2887,2890,2893,2896,2899,2902,2905,2908,2911],{"className":2883},[2693],[1875,2885],{"className":2886,"style":2698},[2697],[1875,2888,2655],{"className":2889,"style":2704},[2702,2703],[1875,2891,2658],{"className":2892},[2702,2703],[1875,2894,2661],{"className":2895,"style":2704},[2702,2703],[1875,2897,2664],{"className":2898,"style":2714},[2702,2703],[1875,2900,2446],{"className":2901},[2718],[1875,2903],{"className":2904,"style":2723},[2722],[1875,2906,2727],{"className":2907},[2702,2703],[1875,2909,2677],{"className":2910},[2702,2703],[1875,2912,2680],{"className":2913},[2702,2703],[1030,2915,2267],{},[1166,2917,2918,2927,2938,2959,2967,2972,2978,2983],{},[986,2919,2920,2922,2923,2926],{},[1078,2921,2743],{"code":2743},"：把变量导出为",[1030,2924,2925],{},"环境变量","，后续启动的子进程也能继承。",[986,2928,2929,2931,2932,2934,2935,2937],{},[1078,2930,2753],{"code":2753},"：给 ",[1078,2933,2757],{"code":2757}," 赋值；",[1078,2936,2757],{"code":2757}," 决定 shell 在哪些目录里按顺序查找可执行命令。",[986,2939,2940,2942,2943,2946,2947,2949,2950,1878,2953,2957],{},[1078,2941,2632],{"code":2632},"：反引号形式的",[1030,2944,2945],{},"命令替换","；执行 ",[1078,2948,2632],{"code":2632},"（输出当前工作目录），再把输出文本插入到这里。",[2343,2951,2952],{},"（更推荐写法是",[2343,2954,2955],{},[1078,2956,2781],{"code":2781},[2343,2958,2360],{},[986,2960,2961,2963,2964,2966],{},[1078,2962,2789],{"code":2789},"：当前目录下的 ",[1078,2965,2793],{"code":2793}," 子目录。",[986,2968,2969,2971],{},[1078,2970,2799],{"code":2799},"：PATH 的分隔符（多个目录用冒号串起来）。",[986,2973,2974,2975,2977],{},"右侧的 ",[1078,2976,2805],{"code":2805},"：展开成原来的 PATH，把旧 PATH 接在新目录后面，避免把原 PATH 覆盖丢失。",[986,2979,2980,2982],{},[1078,2981,2446],{"code":2446},"：命令分隔符。",[986,2984,2985,2987,2988,2990],{},[1078,2986,2816],{"code":2816},"：把新的 PATH 打印出来；最后的 ",[1078,2989,2446],{"code":2446}," 可有可无。\n整行目的：把“当前目录\u002Ffake_bin”放到 PATH 最前面（让这里的命令优先被找到），然后输出修改后的 PATH。",[1081,2992,2993,1878,2996,1878,3001],{},[1030,2994,2995],{},"68.",[1030,2997,2998],{},[1078,2999,3000],{"code":3000},"tar xvf core.tar . ; chmode 764 *",[1030,3002,2133],{},[1166,3004,3005,3011,3056,3062,3090,3094,3112,3117,3159],{},[986,3006,3007,3010],{},[1078,3008,3009],{"code":3009},"tar"," = tool for working with tar archives.",[986,3012,3013,3016,3017],{},[1078,3014,3015],{"code":3015},"xvf"," = three tar flags (often written together):\n",[1166,3018,3019,3034,3047],{},[986,3020,3021,1317,3024,3026,3030,3033],{},[1078,3022,3023],{"code":3023},"x",[990,3025,2671],{},[990,3027,3028],{},[1030,3029,3023],{},[990,3031,3032],{},"tract"," files from an archive",[986,3035,3036,1317,3039,3043,3046],{},[1078,3037,3038],{"code":3038},"v",[990,3040,3041],{},[1030,3042,3038],{},[990,3044,3045],{},"erbose","; list files as they are extracted",[986,3048,3049,3052,3053,3055],{},[1078,3050,3051],{"code":3051},"f"," = archive ",[1030,3054,3051],{},"ile follows (next token is the archive filename)",[986,3057,3058,3061],{},[1078,3059,3060],{"code":3060},"core.tar"," = the tar archive file to extract from.",[986,3063,3064,3066,3067,3069,3070,3072,3073,3075,3076,3078,3079,3082,3083,3086,3087,3089],{},[1078,3065,1039],{"code":1039}," = a literal argument passed to ",[1078,3068,3009],{"code":3009},". In many contexts ",[1078,3071,1039],{"code":1039}," means “current directory”, but for ",[1078,3074,3009],{"code":3009}," it can also mean “extract only the archive member named ",[1078,3077,1039],{"code":1039}," (or ",[1078,3080,3081],{"code":3081},".\u002F..."," depending on archive entries)”. If the archive contains paths like ",[1078,3084,3085],{"code":3085},".\u002Fsomething",", the dot-related prefix can matter. (If the archive does ",[2343,3088,2486],{}," contain such an entry, this argument may cause “not found in archive” behavior.)",[986,3091,3092,2811],{},[1078,3093,2446],{"code":2446},[986,3095,3096,1317,3099,3102,3103,3106,3107,3109,3110,2799],{},[1078,3097,3098],{"code":3098},"chmode",[1030,3100,3101],{},"as written, this is likely a typo",". The standard command is ",[1078,3104,3105],{"code":3105},"chmod",". If you really run ",[1078,3108,3098],{"code":3098},", the shell will usually say “command not found”. Assuming it meant ",[1078,3111,3105],{"code":3105},[986,3113,3114,3116],{},[1078,3115,3105],{"code":3105}," = change file permission bits.",[986,3118,3119,3122,3123,3126,3127],{},[1078,3120,3121],{"code":3121},"764"," = an ",[1030,3124,3125],{},"octal"," permission mode:\n",[1166,3128,3129,3139,3149],{},[986,3130,3131,3134,3135,3138],{},[1078,3132,3133],{"code":3133},"7"," (owner\u002Fuser) = ",[1078,3136,3137],{"code":3137},"rwx"," (read, write, execute)",[986,3140,3141,3144,3145,3148],{},[1078,3142,3143],{"code":3143},"6"," (group) = ",[1078,3146,3147],{"code":3147},"rw-"," (read, write)",[986,3150,3151,3154,3155,3158],{},[1078,3152,3153],{"code":3153},"4"," (others) = ",[1078,3156,3157],{"code":3157},"r--"," (read only)",[986,3160,3161,3163,3164,3167,3168,1878,3170,3172,3173,3175,3176,3178,3179,3181,3182,3184,3185,3187,3188,3190,3191,3194,3195,1039],{},[1078,3162,2191],{"code":2191}," = shell wildcard (“glob”) expanding to ",[1030,3165,3166],{},"all non-hidden names"," in the current directory. The shell expands it ",[2343,3169,2836],{},[1078,3171,3105],{"code":3105}," runs. (If nothing matches, some shells leave ",[1078,3174,2191],{"code":2191}," as-is and ",[1078,3177,3105],{"code":3105}," errors.)\n",[1030,3180,2244],{}," extract files from ",[1078,3183,3060],{"code":3060}," (with verbose listing) into the current area (subject to the ",[1078,3186,1039],{"code":1039}," argument and archive paths), then set permissions of (almost) everything in the current directory to ",[1078,3189,3121],{"code":3121},"—",[1030,3192,3193],{},"if"," the command is corrected to ",[1078,3196,3105],{"code":3105},[1081,3198,3199,1878,3201,3205],{},[1030,3200,2995],{},[1030,3202,3203],{},[1078,3204,3000],{"code":3000},[1030,3206,2267],{},[1166,3208,3209,3214,3246,3251,3272,3276,3294,3299,3330],{},[986,3210,3211,3213],{},[1078,3212,3009],{"code":3009},"：处理 tar 归档文件的工具。",[986,3215,3216,3218,3219],{},[1078,3217,3015],{"code":3015},"：三个选项合写：\n",[1166,3220,3221,3230,3238],{},[986,3222,3223,3225,3226,3229],{},[1078,3224,3023],{"code":3023},"：从归档中",[1030,3227,3228],{},"解包\u002F解压","（extract）",[986,3231,3232,3234,3235],{},[1078,3233,3038],{"code":3038},"：verbose，",[990,3236,3237],{},"解包时把文件名打印出来",[986,3239,3240,3242,3243],{},[1078,3241,3051],{"code":3051},"：后面紧跟",[1030,3244,3245],{},"归档文件名",[986,3247,3248,3250],{},[1078,3249,3060],{"code":3060},"：要解包的 tar 文件。",[986,3252,3253,3255,3256,3258,3259,3261,3262,3264,3265,3267,3268,3271],{},[1078,3254,1039],{"code":1039},"：传给 ",[1078,3257,3009],{"code":3009}," 的参数。很多时候 ",[1078,3260,1039],{"code":1039}," 表示“当前目录”，但对 ",[1078,3263,3009],{"code":3009}," 来说也可能表示“只解出归档里名为 ",[1078,3266,1039],{"code":1039}," 或带 ",[1078,3269,3270],{"code":3270},".\u002F"," 前缀的条目”。如果归档里没有对应条目，可能会报“归档中找不到该成员”。",[986,3273,3274,2982],{},[1078,3275,2446],{"code":2446},[986,3277,3278,3280,3281,3284,3285,3287,3288,3290,3291,3293],{},[1078,3279,3098],{"code":3098},"：按字面这是",[1030,3282,3283],{},"很可能的拼写错误","；标准命令应为 ",[1078,3286,3105],{"code":3105},"。真的执行 ",[1078,3289,3098],{"code":3098}," 通常会提示找不到该命令。以下按 ",[1078,3292,3105],{"code":3105}," 来解释：",[986,3295,3296,3298],{},[1078,3297,3105],{"code":3105},"：修改文件权限。",[986,3300,3301,3303,3304],{},[1078,3302,3121],{"code":3121},"：八进制权限：\n",[1166,3305,3306,3314,3322],{},[986,3307,3308,3310,3311,3313],{},[1078,3309,3133],{"code":3133},"（属主）=",[1078,3312,3137],{"code":3137},"（读写执行）",[986,3315,3316,3318,3319,3321],{},[1078,3317,3143],{"code":3143},"（同组）=",[1078,3320,3147],{"code":3147},"（读写）",[986,3323,3324,3326,3327,3329],{},[1078,3325,3153],{"code":3153},"（其他人）=",[1078,3328,3157],{"code":3157},"（只读）",[986,3331,3332,3334,3335,3338,3339,3341,3342,3344,3345,3347,3348,3350,3351,3353,3354,3356,3357,1321],{},[1078,3333,2191],{"code":2191},"：shell 通配符，先由 shell 展开成当前目录下",[1030,3336,3337],{},"所有非隐藏文件\u002F目录名","再交给 ",[1078,3340,3105],{"code":3105},"。（若没有匹配项，有的 shell 会把 ",[1078,3343,2191],{"code":2191}," 原样传入导致报错。）\n整行目的：从 ",[1078,3346,3060],{"code":3060}," 解包文件（并显示解包清单），然后把当前目录下匹配 ",[1078,3349,2191],{"code":2191}," 的条目权限改成 ",[1078,3352,3121],{"code":3121},"（前提是把 ",[1078,3355,3098],{"code":3098}," 更正为 ",[1078,3358,3105],{"code":3105},[978,3360,3362],{"id":3361},"eanswer-questions-in-reasonable-details-15-pts-in-chinese-ok-if-not-required-in-english","E.Answer questions in reasonable details. (15 pts, in Chinese OK if not required in English)",[1081,3364,3365],{},"How to pronounce the project name GNU in English? Why technically do we prefer to call our Linux system a GNU\u002FLinux system?",[983,3367,3368,3371],{},[986,3369,3370],{},"GNU’s Not UNIX",[986,3372,3373,3376,3377,3380],{},[990,3374,3375],{},"GNU\u002FLinux means that the upper program of the operating system is GNU and the kernel is Linux."," Only when combined can a complete operating system be formed. It can be said the Linux is a component of the GNU project. The reason why we call it with different names is that they have different ideas. GNU advocates for free software while Linux advocates for open source software.Combining ",[990,3378,3379],{},"GNU tools + Linux kernel"," together creates what we commonly refer to as the \"Linux system.\" Out of respect for GNU's contributions, some people insist on calling it GNU\u002FLinux.",[1081,3382,3383],{},"Write a shell program ‘evenarg5.bash’ that prints out 5 times the command line arguments on even number positions (e.g., arg2, arg4, arg6, …). The program should be able to take an unlimited number of arguments. Please describe the program flow first and give enough comments along the code. Magic Symbol is needed too.",[1081,3385,3386],{},"Magic Simbol就是最开头的#! \u002Fbin\u002Fbash 指定使用的shell",[1081,3388,3389],{},"这个思路其实就比较简单了，注意语法问题就行。双层for循环，外面那层负责做5次循环打印，里面那层负责偶数输出，就是C程逻辑了。",[1081,3391,3392,3393,3395,3396,3399,3400,3403],{},"细节注意一下：for这个round in 1 2 3 4 5后面要加上; $@会比$*好一些，用$@来指定传入参数，注意带上double quotation mark, 可以防止格式错误。if当中",[1875,3394],{},"里面记得要有空格，",[1030,3397,3398],{},"如果要进行算数运算，必须套上$(())在里面做","，",[1078,3401,3402],{"code":3402},"-eq","之类的只能用于数字比较，然后echo \"$arg\"就可以输出具体指定的参数了，注意细节就行。",[1070,3405,3408],{"className":3406,"code":3407,"language":1075,"meta":1076},[1073],"#!\u002Fbin\u002Fbash\n\n# 外层循环：打印 5 次\nfor round in 1 2 3 4 5; do\n\n    # pos 用来记录当前是第几个参数位置（arg1 从 1 开始）\n    pos=1\n\n    # 遍历所有参数：\"$@\" 会保持每个参数原样（比 $* 更安全）\n    for arg in \"$@\"; do\n        # 判断是否为偶数位置：pos % 2 == 0\n        # 注意： [ ] 两边必须要有空格\n        if [ $((pos % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then\n            echo \"$arg\"\n        fi\n\n        # 位置自增\n        pos=$((pos + 1))\n    done\ndone\n",[1078,3409,3407],{"__ignoreMap":1076},[1081,3411,3412],{},"If you have a Linux computer and a Microsoft Windows computer, an ICCAD software is running on the Linux computer and you want to see its GUI on the Windows computer, what details you should prepare to do?",[1081,3414,3415],{},"就是ssh小任务的步骤，记几个关键词",[1081,3417,3418,1447,3421],{},[1030,3419,3420],{},"Key method",[1030,3422,3423],{},"SSH + X11 Forwarding + Windows X Server",[1081,3425,3426,3429,3430],{},[1030,3427,3428],{},"Windows prep",": Install & start an ",[1030,3431,3432],{},"X Server",[1081,3434,3435,3438,3439,2426,3442,3445],{},[1030,3436,3437],{},"Connect from Windows",": Use ",[1030,3440,3441],{},"SSH with X11 forwarding",[1078,3443,3444],{"code":3444},"ssh -X",")",[1081,3447,3448,3451,3452,2426,3455,3458],{},[1030,3449,3450],{},"Linux prep",": Ensure ",[1030,3453,3454],{},"sshd allows X11 forwarding",[1078,3456,3457],{"code":3457},"X11Forwarding yes",") + ICCAD env\u002Flicense OK",[1081,3460,3461,3464,3465,3468],{},[1030,3462,3463],{},"Network requirement",": Windows must reach Linux ",[1030,3466,3467],{},"SSH port (22 or custom)"," through firewall\u002FVPN\u002Fjump host (same LAN not required)",[1081,3470,3471,3474,3475,2426,3478,3445],{},[1030,3472,3473],{},"Run location",": Start ICCAD ",[1030,3476,3477],{},"on Linux",[1078,3479,3480],{"code":3480},"iccad &",[1081,3482,3483,3486,3487],{},[1030,3484,3485],{},"Display location",": GUI appears ",[1030,3488,3489],{},"on Windows via the X Server",[1081,3491,3492,3495,3496,3498,3499,3502],{},[1030,3493,3494],{},"Quick test",": Run ",[1078,3497,1721],{"code":1721}," \u002F ",[1078,3500,3501],{"code":3501},"xeyes"," to verify forwarding",[1081,3504,3505,3506,3509,3510,3512],{},"Explain the function of this Perl command line “ $str =~ \u002F((",[1875,3507,3508],{},"\\w._-","+)@(",[1875,3511,3508],{},"+))\u002F “ in detail.",[1081,3514,3515],{},"这题实际上还是在考正则表达式",[1081,3517,3518,3521,3522],{},[1078,3519,3520],{"code":3520},"$str =~ \u002F...\u002F"," 表示用regex(正则)去匹配 ",[1078,3523,3524],{"code":3524},"$str",[1081,3526,3527,3530],{},[1078,3528,3529],{"code":3529},"((... )@( ... ))"," 有 3 个捕获组：",[1070,3532,3535],{"className":3533,"code":3534,"language":1075,"meta":1076},[1073],"(\n  ( [\\w._-]+ )   # 组2：@ 前面\n  @              # 必须匹配 @\n  ( [\\w._-]+ )   # 组3：@ 后面\n)                # 组1：整个 email 形状\n",[1078,3536,3534],{"__ignoreMap":1076},[1081,3538,3539,3542],{},[1078,3540,3541],{"code":3541},"[\\w._-]+"," 表示由允许字符组成的至少 1 个字符的连续串",[1081,3544,3545,3548],{},[1078,3546,3547],{"code":3547},"[\\w._-]"," 允许的字符有：（就是正则表达式的匹配，perl支持正则）",[1166,3550,3551,3561,3566,3575],{},[986,3552,3553,3556,3557,3560],{},[1078,3554,3555],{"code":3555},"\\w","：字母\u002F数字\u002F下划线（等价于 ",[1078,3558,3559],{"code":3559},"[A-Za-z0-9_]","，在 Unicode 语境下可能更广）",[986,3562,3563,3565],{},[1078,3564,1039],{"code":1039},"：点",[986,3567,3568,3571,3572,3574],{},[1078,3569,3570],{"code":3570},"_","：下划线（其实已经在 ",[1078,3573,3555],{"code":3555}," 里了，但这里写了也不坏）",[986,3576,3577,3580],{},[1078,3578,3579],{"code":3579},"-","：横杠（连字符）",[1081,3582,3583,3584,3586],{},"+号表示",[1078,3585,3547],{"code":3547}," 重复一次或者多次",[1081,3588,3589],{},"（如果有空格）说明空格是必须匹配的字面空格",[1081,3591,3592,3593,3598],{},"所以最后的匹配结果就是一个形如",[3594,3595,3597],"a",{"href":3596},"mailto:shen_xue.w-en666@zju.edu.cn","shen_xue.w-en666@zju.edu.cn","的email",[1081,3600,3601],{},"附加题：",[1081,3603,3604],{},"试谈一谈如何从各个角度理解集成电路设计工程师需要”expertise in Perl, Tcl, UNIX shell, Makefiles, C, C++ and etc.”？",[1081,3606,3607],{},"感觉就是解释后面那些东西是什么+胡扯",[1081,3609,3610],{},[990,3611,3612],{},"C\u002FC++等属于高级编程语言，广泛用于开发EDA工具，这些工具用于IC设计。",[1081,3614,3615,3618,3619,3622,3623],{},[1030,3616,3617],{},"Perl\u002FTcl","：这些脚本语言在自动化任务和快速原型设计中很有用。它们通常用于",[990,3620,3621],{},"处理文本文件","（如设计规范、配置文件和数据报告），自动化设计流程，以及创建EDA工具的用户界面",[990,3624,3625],{},"（无需编译）",[1081,3627,3628,3631,3632,3635],{},[1030,3629,3630],{},"UNIX Shell","：大多数EDA工具在UNIX或类UNIX系统上运行。熟练使用",[990,3633,3634],{},"Shell命令和脚本能够帮助工程师有效地管理文件系统、执行和监控工具","，以及处理数据。（日志文件）",[1081,3637,3638,3641,3642],{},[1030,3639,3640],{},"Makefiles","：这是一种自动化构建工具，可以用来编译和链接程序，",[990,3643,3644],{},"管理项目中的复杂依赖关系。在大型IC设计项目中，使用Makefiles可以提高重复构建过程的效率。",[978,3646,3648],{"id":3647},"fhow-to-pronounce-the-following-meta-characters-in-spoken-technical-english","F.How to pronounce the following meta-characters in spoken technical English?",[1081,3650,3651],{},"\u002F \\ * @ ( {\n复习一遍：",[1859,3653,3655],{"id":3654},"括号线条","括号&线条",[1166,3657,3658,3668,3677,3686,3694,3702,3710,3719],{},[986,3659,3660,3663,3664,3667],{},[1078,3661,3662],{"code":3662},"{}"," ： ",[1078,3665,3666],{"code":3666},"curly bracket","（curly - 卷曲的）",[986,3669,3670,3663,3673,3676],{},[1078,3671,3672],{"code":3672},"[]",[1078,3674,3675],{"code":3675},"square bracket","（square - 直角的）",[986,3678,3679,3663,3682,3685],{},[1078,3680,3681],{"code":3681},"()",[1078,3683,3684],{"code":3684},"parenthesis"," （记忆：parent-hesis ）",[986,3687,3688,3663,3691],{},[1078,3689,3690],{"code":3690},"\u003C",[1078,3692,3693],{"code":3693},"less-than sign",[986,3695,3696,3663,3699],{},[1078,3697,3698],{"code":3698},">",[1078,3700,3701],{"code":3701},"greater-than sign",[986,3703,3704,3663,3706,3709],{},[1078,3705,2218],{"code":2218},[1078,3707,3708],{"code":3708},"vertical bar","（vertical - 竖直的）",[986,3711,3712,3663,3715,3718],{},[1078,3713,3714],{"code":3714},"\u002F",[1078,3716,3717],{"code":3717},"slash","（注意是右上往左下）",[986,3720,3721,3663,3724],{},[1078,3722,3723],{"code":3723},"\\",[1078,3725,3726],{"code":3726},"backslash",[1859,3728,3729],{"id":3729},"标点",[1166,3731,3732,3739,3746,3753,3761,3778,3786],{},[986,3733,3734,3663,3736],{},[1078,3735,1548],{"code":1548},[1078,3737,3738],{"code":3738},"comma",[986,3740,3741,3663,3743],{},[1078,3742,1039],{"code":1039},[1078,3744,3745],{"code":3745},"dot \u002F period",[986,3747,3748,3663,3750],{},[1078,3749,2799],{"code":2799},[1078,3751,3752],{"code":3752},"colon",[986,3754,3755,3663,3757,3760],{},[1078,3756,2446],{"code":2446},[1078,3758,3759],{"code":3759},"semicolon","（和semiconductor一个道理，半个冒号）",[986,3762,3763,1878,3768,1878,3770,3775],{},[990,3764,3765],{},[1078,3766,3767],{"code":3767},"'",[990,3769,2279],{},[990,3771,3772],{},[1078,3773,3774],{"code":3774},"apostrophe",[990,3776,3777],{},"（\u002Fəˈpɒstrəfi\u002F）",[986,3779,3780,3663,3783],{},[1078,3781,3782],{"code":3782},"\"",[1078,3784,3785],{"code":3785},"double quotation mark",[986,3787,3788,3663,3791],{},[1078,3789,3790],{"code":3790},"?",[1078,3792,3793],{"code":3793},"question mark",[1859,3795,3796],{"id":3796},"数学符号",[1166,3798,3799,3807,3815,3823,3831,3839,3847],{},[986,3800,3801,3663,3804],{},[1078,3802,3803],{"code":3803},"+",[1078,3805,3806],{"code":3806},"plus sign",[986,3808,3809,3663,3811,3814],{},[1078,3810,3579],{"code":3579},[1078,3812,3813],{"code":3813},"hyphen-minus","（连接单词时叫hyphen(连字符)，算数为minus）",[986,3816,3817,3663,3820],{},[1078,3818,3819],{"code":3819},"=",[1078,3821,3822],{"code":3822},"equal sign",[986,3824,3825,3663,3827,3830],{},[1078,3826,2191],{"code":2191},[1078,3828,3829],{"code":3829},"asterisk","（aster希腊语小星星）",[986,3832,3833,3663,3836],{},[1078,3834,3835],{"code":3835},"%",[1078,3837,3838],{"code":3838},"percent sign",[986,3840,3841,3663,3844],{},[1078,3842,3843],{"code":3843},"^",[1078,3845,3846],{"code":3846},"caret",[986,3848,3849,3663,3852,3855],{},[1078,3850,3851],{"code":3851},"&",[1078,3853,3854],{"code":3854},"ampersand","（词源：and per se and 念快一点就是ampersand）",[1859,3857,3858],{"id":3858},"特殊符号",[1166,3860,3861,3869,3875,3884,3892,3901,3909],{},[986,3862,3863,3663,3866],{},[1078,3864,3865],{"code":3865},"~",[1078,3867,3868],{"code":3868},"tilde",[986,3870,3871,3872],{},"````` ： ",[1078,3873,3874],{"code":3874},"backquote",[986,3876,3877,3663,3880,3883],{},[1078,3878,3879],{"code":3879},"!",[1078,3881,3882],{"code":3882},"exclamation mark"," （exclamation - 惊叹）",[986,3885,3886,3663,3889],{},[1078,3887,3888],{"code":3888},"@",[1078,3890,3891],{"code":3891},"at sign",[986,3893,3894,3663,3897,3900],{},[1078,3895,3896],{"code":3896},"#",[1078,3898,3899],{"code":3899},"number sign"," （也叫hash）",[986,3902,3903,3663,3906],{},[1078,3904,3905],{"code":3905},"$",[1078,3907,3908],{"code":3908},"dollar sign",[986,3910,3911,3663,3913],{},[1078,3912,3570],{"code":3570},[1078,3914,3915],{"code":3915},"under score",{"title":1076,"searchDepth":3917,"depth":3917,"links":3918},4,[3919,3923,3924,3936,3937,3938],{"id":980,"depth":3920,"text":981,"children":3921},2,[3922],{"id":1163,"depth":3917,"text":1164},{"id":1254,"depth":3920,"text":1255},{"id":1841,"depth":3920,"text":1842,"children":3925},[3926,3928,3929,3930,3931,3932,3933,3934,3935],{"id":1861,"depth":3927,"text":1861},3,{"id":1898,"depth":3927,"text":1898},{"id":1925,"depth":3927,"text":1925},{"id":1947,"depth":3927,"text":1947},{"id":1973,"depth":3927,"text":1973},{"id":2013,"depth":3927,"text":2013},{"id":2036,"depth":3927,"text":2036},{"id":2062,"depth":3927,"text":2062},{"id":2085,"depth":3927,"text":2085},{"id":2104,"depth":3920,"text":2105},{"id":3361,"depth":3920,"text":3362},{"id":3647,"depth":3920,"text":3648,"children":3939},[3940,3941,3942,3943],{"id":3654,"depth":3927,"text":3655},{"id":3729,"depth":3927,"text":3729},{"id":3796,"depth":3927,"text":3796},{"id":3858,"depth":3927,"text":3858},[903],"历年考卷整理：22-23 秋冬学期","md",null,{"slots":3949},{},{"text":319,"minutes":363,"time":364,"words":365},{"title":360,"description":3945},{"loc":359,"images":3953},[3954,3955,3956],{"loc":1086},{"loc":1119},{"loc":1696},[3958,3959,3960],"Linux","历年卷","课程笔记","tech","ZnfP5OwAyu_Zo3irzL94q1Wh0thWhRUchvdIWZer-NU",[3964,3965],{"title":534,"path":533,"stem":532,"date":535,"type":3961,"children":-1},{"title":369,"path":368,"stem":367,"date":370,"type":3961,"children":-1},1789057283269]